Lipomas are benign mesenchymal tumors composed of mature adipose tissue. While common in the head and neck region, they are rarely found intraorally, representing 1-5 % of all tumors. The tongue is an uncommon site, despite isolated cases being reported. Clinically, lipomas present as slow-growing, soft, mobile nodules, including a shimmering yellowish appearance, beneath intact mucosa. Trauma and hereditary or metaplastic processes have been proposed as possible etiologic factors. Diagnosis is primarily clinical but must be confirmed histopathologically, especially due to overlapping features with other benign or malignant tumors. In the present case, a 61-year-old patient with multiple systemic conditions presented with a painless, submucosal soft tissue mass (approximately 1 cm) on the right lateral border of the tongue. The lesion was completely excised under local anesthesia. Healing was uneventful. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of a lipoma.

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare, potentially fatal genetic disorder characterized by unpredictable attacks of bodily swelling that substantially impair patients' quality of life (QoL). Lanadelumab is approved for long-term prophylaxis (LTP) in patients with HAE; however, there are limited real-world data that compare lanadelumab with other treatments to guide patient care. Objective: The objective was to describe real-world QoL and related outcomes of patients with HAE who received lanadelumab versus other LTP. Methods: Data were drawn from a real-world, cross-sectional survey of physicians and their consulting patients with HAE in the United States from January 2023 to January 2024. Physician-reported attack and disease severity, pain, fatigue, QoL, and patient-reported outcomes were compared among patients receiving lanadelumab or other LTP. Results: Physicians reported data on 86 patients treated with lanadelumab and 84 treated with other LTP. A statistically significantly higher proportion of patients receiving lanadelumab had no chronic pain (58.1%) and no chronic fatigue (51.2%) at the time of the survey than those receiving other LTP (38.1% [p = 0.0023] and 34.9% [p = 0.0037], respectively). More patients receiving lanadelumab had "very good" physician-reported QoL and less patient-reported QoL impairment at the time of the survey compared with those receiving other LTP (p = 0.0102). A higher proportion of patients receiving lanadelumab compared with other LTP reported complete satisfaction overall with their treatment (30.2% versus 17.9%, respectively; p = 0.0144) and complete satisfaction with the efficacy of their treatment (44.2% versus 11.9%, respectively; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In this real-world study, physicians reported a higher proportion of patients receiving lanadelumab had no chronic pain or fatigue compared with those receiving other LTP. Both physicians and patients reported higher QoL in those receiving lanadelumab. Continued real-world research in patients with HAE to further assess the effect of lanadelumab on QoL will help guide patient care.

The study aims to analyze the burden of diseases related to noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors (RFs) from 1990 to 2021 and to project of NCDs and RFs for the years 2030 and 2050.

Estimates of risk factors and mortality from NCDs in Brazil and its States were analyzed based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study.

There was a 37.7% reduction in premature mortality rates from NCDs and a 34% reduction in Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) between 1990 and 2021. Projections for 2050 indicate that mortality from cardiovascular diseases will continue to decline and that these will be supplanted by neoplasms. Mortality rates from diabetes tend to increase, while chronic respiratory diseases show a downward trend. In 2021, the main risk factors associated with premature deaths from NCDs were: high blood pressure, smoking, poor diet, high Body Mass Index (BMI), and high fasting glucose. Projections through 2050 point to an increase in risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, high glucose, physical inactivity, and poor diet - which may compromise the achievement of the 2050 targets for reducing premature mortality from NCDs.

The study points out that global targets may not be achieved, raising an alert to the urgent need to strengthen public policies aimed at the prevention and control of NCDs.

Hypertension is a major public health issue and especially in the older adults, it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality.

This study assessed the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of Hypertension among Iranian adults aged 60 years and older.

we analyzed data from the Iranian STEP-wise Approach to Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) conducted in 2016 and 2021 across all provinces of Iran. Participants were marked as hypertensive based on the ESC/ESH guidelines. 3874 participants from STEPS 2016 and 4020 participants from STEPS 2021 were included and analyzed using survey package in R statistical software.

Hypertension rates rose between 2016 and 2021 from 54.74% to 60.57% in males and from 65.54% to 71.76% in females. Hypertension treatment increased from 26.53% to 36.03% in males and from 39.25% to 53.70% in females. In 2016, hypertension control rates were 23.06% in males and 24.03% in females. In 2021 these levels rose to 34.28% in males and 36.13% in females. Obesity was strongly associated with hypertension (odds ratio (OR): 2.75, p < 0.001), whereas higher education appeared to be inversely associated with hypertension (OR: 0.64, p < 0.001).

Despite the improvement in treatment and control of hypertension among older adults in Iran, hypertension prevalence remains high and on the rise. To address this problem, efforts should focus on weight management, enhanced health education, and expanded screening programs.

Given observed sex and socioeconomic disparities in awareness, treatment, and control, equity-oriented publicci and improved access to care warrant further evaluation in prospective or implementation studies. Additionally, promoting higher educational attainment may contribute to better long-term control of hypertension.

A recent study has suggested eight clusters of genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to characterise metabolite associations for these eight clusters.

We constructed type 2 diabetes overall and cluster-partitioned polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in 10,015 Finnish men with 979 named plasma metabolites measured in Metabolon HD4 mass spectrometry platform. We evaluated metabolite-PRS associations using linear regression. We also performed a mediation analysis to examine whether metabolites statistically accounted for part of the association between genetic risk and incident type 2 diabetes that developed in a mean of 13.6 years' follow-up.

We identified 337 metabolites significantly associated with type 2 diabetes genetic risk, including 242 exclusive to cluster-partitioned PRSs. Of the significant metabolites, 26 exhibited significantly heterogeneous associations across clusters. We identified significant enrichment for 33 metabolic pathways among the cluster-associated metabolites. Notably, metabolites for the two pancreatic beta cell-related clusters exhibited enrichment in distinct pathways: the beta cell + proinsulin (PI) cluster in fructose, mannose and galactose metabolism; and the beta cell - PI cluster in branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Mediation analysis suggested that >50% of the associated metabolites showed patterns statistically consistent with a mediating role in the associations between PRSs and incident type 2 diabetes.

This study underscores the value of type 2 diabetes clustering and highlights metabolic heterogeneity across clusters. The findings have the potential to guide personalised interventions.

The datasets generated during and/or analysed in the current study are available in dbGaP (accession ID: phs000743.v4.p1 and phs004033.v1.p1).

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) persists after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study assessed CMD using combined dipyridamole-exercise stress echocardiography (DExE) and myocardial strain/work to evaluate the impact on left ventricular (LV) function.

This prospective study enrolled CAD individuals who underwent left anterior descending artery PCI and DExE assessment at 3 months post-PCI to evaluate myocardial strain/work parameters at rest and stress. The primary endpoint was adverse clinical events, and the secondary endpoint was Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) health status at 1-year.

The cohort comprised 84 individuals (54 ± 10 years, 17.9% female). Participants were stratified into two groups by coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR): CFVR ≥ 2.5 group (n = 63) and CFVR < 2.5 group (n = 21). Compared with the CFVR ≥ 2.5 group, the CFVR < 2.5 group showed impaired LV functional reserve, with lower global longitudinal strain (GLS), global work index (GWI), and global work efficiency (GWE) at peak exercise and recovery, lower peak exercise global constructive work (GCW), higher recovery global wasted work (GWW), and smaller absolute changes ΔE-R (difference before vs. after exercise stress) in GLS, GWI, and GCW (all p < 0.05). In multivariable analysis, peak exercise GCW, recovery GWW, and ΔGCW (E - R) were independent predictors of CMD. At 1 year, no adverse clinical events occurred, and the CFVR ≥ 2.5 group had higher SAQ physical limitation (92.86 ± 11.38 vs. 82.14 ± 17.93), quality of life (95.63 ± 10.57 vs. 83.33 ± 19.90), and summary score (94.05 ± 8.51 vs. 85.71 ± 15.71) than the CFVR < 2.5 group (all p < 0.05).

Combined DExE with myocardial strain/work analysis effectively evaluates LV function in CMD. Decreased CFVR post-PCI is associated with impaired LV function and worse 1-year quality of life outcomes, underscoring the need for close cardiac function monitoring in post-PCI CMD individuals.

URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2500103229.

Early-life antibiotic overuse is a public health concern. In low- and middle-income countries, consumption has surged by 76% since 2000. This trend is particularly acute in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where antimicrobial resistance contributes to 255,000 deaths annually and infant antibiotic exposure is widespread in the first two years of life. While a substantial body of research associates antibiotic-induced microbiome disruption with metabolic and immune dysregulation, with large cohorts reporting ~20% higher odds of childhood obesity and asthma, these observational findings do not establish causality and derive largely from high-income settings. This potential pathway remains a policy blind spot within most non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention frameworks. By synthesising biological, epidemiological and implementation evidence, this paper considers early-life antibiotic exposure as a potentially modifiable determinant of lifelong health and outlines a pragmatic research and policy agenda to integrate antibiotic-aware prevention into NCD prevention efforts and routine child health platforms in resource-limited SSA settings.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy faces critical barriers in solid tumors, including poor infiltration, T cell exhaustion, and immunosuppressive microenvironments, resulting in response rates below 10%. Herein, we engineered an inhalable nanoplatform using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived exosomes (IEXOs) displaying bispecific PD-1/mesothelin (MSLN) single-chain variable fragments (scFv) and loaded with indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) for metabolic reprogramming. IEXOs demonstrated high yield and intrinsic antitumor properties, inhibiting Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell proliferation and migration. The bispecific exosomes loaded with IPA (BIEXO@IPA) achieved efficient pulmonary delivery via nebulization with 79.3% tumor cell-specific uptake versus 47.9% for liposomes in orthotopic lung cancer models. BIEXO@IPA treatment reduced tumor burden by 87.9% and achieved 80% survival at 80 days. Mechanistically, BIEXO@IPA bridged PD-1⁺ T cells to MSLN⁺ tumor cells through bispecific engagement while expanding progenitor exhausted T (Tpex) cells and reducing regulatory T cells. When combined with CAR-T cells, BIEXO@IPA achieved 66.7% complete remission with 100% survival at 80 days and 83.3% resistance to tumor rechallenge. Safety assessments revealed minimal toxicity. This BIEXO@IPA platform represents a scalable, clinically translatable strategy that addresses fundamental CAR-T limitations in solid tumors through synergistic multimodal immunomodulation.

CSNK1D is a member of the CK1 family and is characterized by high conservation and widespread expression. It plays a regulatory role in the maintenance of numerous cellular processes and is expressed at low levels in normal tissues but is overexpressed in several types of cancer. All tumor tissues were pathologically diagnosed as lung adenocarcinoma.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to retrospectively assess CSNK1D expression levels in 90 lung adenocarcinoma surgical tumor tissue microarrays (TMAs). All tumor tissues were pathologically diagnosed as lung adenocarcinoma. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect CSNK1D expression in serum samples from 22 lung adenocarcinoma patients. All tumor tissues were pathologically diagnosed as lung adenocarcinoma RESULTS: CSNK1D was expressed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, with higher levels in tumor tissues than in adjacent nontumor tissues. The results of survival analysis revealed that high CSNK1D expression was significantly associated with a favorable prognosis. The results of multivariate analysis, adjusted for clinicopathological features, indicated that high CSNK1D expression was an independent predictor of cancer-specific survival.