MRI assessment of locoregional extent in a Buschke-Löwenstein tumor with histopathologically confirmed malignant transformation: A case report.
The Buschke-Löwenstein tumor (BLT), also designated giant condyloma acuminatum, represents a rare anogenital neoplasm of intermediate biological behavior, occupying a nosological boundary between benign condylomatous disease and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Its malignant transformation potential, estimated between 30% and 56%, renders early diagnosis and accurate locoregional staging of paramount clinical importance. We report the case of a 54-year-old immunocompetent male who presented with a 2-year history of a progressively enlarging scrotal mass, ultimately measuring 12 cm at clinical assessment. Physical examination disclosed a large exophytic cauliflower-shaped lesion with surface ulceration, malodorous discharge, and bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. Pelvic MRI revealed a heterogeneous scrotal mass with posterior extension into the ipsilateral intergluteal fold and perineal soft tissues. Post-contrast T1-weighted sequences demonstrated avid heterogeneous enhancement. Diffusion-weighted imaging yielded a markedly reduced mean apparent diffusion coefficient value of 0.9 × 10⁻³ mm²/s within the inguinal lymph nodes, a finding supportive of, though not independently diagnostic of, nodal metastatic involvement, which was subsequently confirmed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen identified a dual pattern comprising benign condylomatous areas alongside foci of invasive moderately differentiated SCC, confirming malignant transformation. This case underscores the oncological risk inherent to long-neglected anogenital condylomatous lesions and highlights the pivotal contribution of pelvic MRI-particularly diffusion-weighted sequences with ADC quantification-in delineating locoregional tumor extent, raising suspicion for nodal metastatic involvement, and guiding surgical planning in the management of Buschke-Löwenstein tumor.
Authors
El Bqaq El Bqaq, Houssaini Houssaini, Ajerame Ajerame, El Aoufir El Aoufir, Jroundi Jroundi, Mesmoudi Mesmoudi, Kouhkouh Kouhkouh, Kaoutar Kaoutar, Messaoud Messaoud
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