Precision residential greenspace, urban environmental exposures, and incident dementia among older adults in Sweden: A 16-year cohort study.
Residential greenspace is linked to mental and cardiometabolic health, but longitudinal studies on detailed greenspace and dementia incidence are limited.
We followed 2993 dementia-free participants in the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care Kungsholmen for 16 years; 477 developed clinically diagnosed dementia. Greenspace was assessed using normalized difference vegetation index within 100-, 250-, and 500-m residential buffers. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) per interquartile-range greenspace increment and tested effect modification by air pollution, road traffic noise, blue space, age, sex, and apolipoprotein E-ε4 (APOE-ε4).
Higher greenspace within 100 m was associated with lower dementia incidence (HR = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64-0.96), whereas associations for larger buffers were attenuated. Associations were stronger in women (HR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.54-0.89) than men (HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.71-1.24).
Close residential greenspace may reduce dementia risk in older adults, particularly women.
We followed 2993 dementia-free participants in the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care Kungsholmen for 16 years; 477 developed clinically diagnosed dementia. Greenspace was assessed using normalized difference vegetation index within 100-, 250-, and 500-m residential buffers. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) per interquartile-range greenspace increment and tested effect modification by air pollution, road traffic noise, blue space, age, sex, and apolipoprotein E-ε4 (APOE-ε4).
Higher greenspace within 100 m was associated with lower dementia incidence (HR = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64-0.96), whereas associations for larger buffers were attenuated. Associations were stronger in women (HR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.54-0.89) than men (HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.71-1.24).
Close residential greenspace may reduce dementia risk in older adults, particularly women.
Authors
Stenfors Stenfors, Wu Wu, Grande Grande, Pyko Pyko, Löhmus Löhmus, Pershagen Pershagen, Rizzuto Rizzuto
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