Clinical Characteristics and Factors Associated with Uncontrolled Hypertension among Adult Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre: a Cross-Sectional Study.
Achieving sustained blood-pressure control remains difficult in routine care, particularly in referral settings where patients often have longer di sease duration and multiple comorbidities. Cross-sectional clinical data can identify correlates of poor control, but such associations should not be interpreted as causal effects.
To describe the clinical characteristics of adults with treated hypertension and to examine factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure in a tertiary-care population.
This cross-sectional observational study included 100 consecutively recruited adults with previously diagnosed hypertension at Government Medical College, Bhadradri Kothagudem, Telangana, India, from February to November 2025. Demographic, clinical, lifestyle, treatment, adherence, follow-up and office blood-pressure data were recorded. Controlled hypertension was defined as office blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg and uncontrolled hypertension as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg. Bivariate associations were summarized with unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), followed by multivariable logistic regression.
The mean age was 56.8 ± 11.4 years and 58.0% of participants were men. Uncontrolled hypertension was observed in 62.0% of the cohort. In bivariate analysis, body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m², hypertension duration > five years, diabetes mellitus, high salt intake, physical inactivity, poor medication adherence, and missed follow-up visits were associated with uncontrolled blood pressure. After adjustment, poor medication adherence [adjusted OR (aOR) 6.84, 95% CI 2.02-23.15], BMI ≥25 kg/m² (aOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.11-10.99), physical inactivity (aOR 3.21, 95% CI 1.12-9.18), high salt intake (aOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.05-8.27) and hypertension duration > five years (aOR 2.88, 95% CI 1.02-8.15) remained statistically significant. The wide CIs indicate limited precision.
Several behavioural and clinical characteristics were associated with uncontrolled office blood pressure in this tertiary-care sample. Because this was a cross-sectional single-centre study based on a single-visit office assessment, its findings indicate associations rather than causal relationships and should not be extrapolated to the general hypertensive population.
To describe the clinical characteristics of adults with treated hypertension and to examine factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure in a tertiary-care population.
This cross-sectional observational study included 100 consecutively recruited adults with previously diagnosed hypertension at Government Medical College, Bhadradri Kothagudem, Telangana, India, from February to November 2025. Demographic, clinical, lifestyle, treatment, adherence, follow-up and office blood-pressure data were recorded. Controlled hypertension was defined as office blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg and uncontrolled hypertension as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg. Bivariate associations were summarized with unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), followed by multivariable logistic regression.
The mean age was 56.8 ± 11.4 years and 58.0% of participants were men. Uncontrolled hypertension was observed in 62.0% of the cohort. In bivariate analysis, body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m², hypertension duration > five years, diabetes mellitus, high salt intake, physical inactivity, poor medication adherence, and missed follow-up visits were associated with uncontrolled blood pressure. After adjustment, poor medication adherence [adjusted OR (aOR) 6.84, 95% CI 2.02-23.15], BMI ≥25 kg/m² (aOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.11-10.99), physical inactivity (aOR 3.21, 95% CI 1.12-9.18), high salt intake (aOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.05-8.27) and hypertension duration > five years (aOR 2.88, 95% CI 1.02-8.15) remained statistically significant. The wide CIs indicate limited precision.
Several behavioural and clinical characteristics were associated with uncontrolled office blood pressure in this tertiary-care sample. Because this was a cross-sectional single-centre study based on a single-visit office assessment, its findings indicate associations rather than causal relationships and should not be extrapolated to the general hypertensive population.
Authors
Yendluri Yendluri, Madabhushi Madabhushi, Sura Sura, Palanivelu Palanivelu, Ganesan Ganesan, Padala Padala, Sayana Sayana
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