Cytokine Profiles as Molecular Markers Associated with Physical Exercise and Insulin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, immune dysregulation, and metabolic impairment. This study investigated cytokine profiles associated with physical exercise and insulin therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Blood samples were collected from 51 volunteers to evaluate metabolic parameters and cytokine concentrations. According to glycemic status and insulin use, participants were classified into non-diabetic, non-insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus groups.
Physically active individuals with non-insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus exhibited increased IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels, suggesting enhanced immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory responses. Physically active patients with insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus showed elevated IL-17 concentrations. In contrast, sedentary individuals with insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus exhibited higher TNF-α levels, indicating a more pronounced proinflammatory profile. IFN-γ concentrations were significantly higher in patients with insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, regardless of exercise status. Correlation analyses demonstrated distinct cytokinemetabolic interaction patterns according to metabolic condition and physical exercise.
Cytokines can serve as molecular markers of immunometabolic responses associated with physical exercise and insulin therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, reflecting alterations in systemic inflammatory regulation and immune-metabolic crosstalk related to glycemic adaptation.
Blood samples were collected from 51 volunteers to evaluate metabolic parameters and cytokine concentrations. According to glycemic status and insulin use, participants were classified into non-diabetic, non-insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus groups.
Physically active individuals with non-insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus exhibited increased IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels, suggesting enhanced immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory responses. Physically active patients with insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus showed elevated IL-17 concentrations. In contrast, sedentary individuals with insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus exhibited higher TNF-α levels, indicating a more pronounced proinflammatory profile. IFN-γ concentrations were significantly higher in patients with insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, regardless of exercise status. Correlation analyses demonstrated distinct cytokinemetabolic interaction patterns according to metabolic condition and physical exercise.
Cytokines can serve as molecular markers of immunometabolic responses associated with physical exercise and insulin therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, reflecting alterations in systemic inflammatory regulation and immune-metabolic crosstalk related to glycemic adaptation.
Authors
França França, Barbosa Barbosa, Ribeiro Ribeiro, de Magalhães Neto de Magalhães Neto, França França, Borges Borges, de Marchi de Marchi, Honorio-França Honorio-França, França França
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