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Introduction: Adolescent suicide behavior is a global concern and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this age group. Pharmaceutical ingestion is a frequent method of suicide attempts, requiring toxicology and psychiatric interventions. This study analyzed data from a pediatric tertiary hospital to elucidate the trends, demographics, and methods used. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a single tertiary pediatric hospital in Romania and included adolescents aged 10-18 years admitted for suicide attempts between 2014 and 2024. Data extracted from electronic medical records included age, sex, residence, suicide method, psychiatric history, and clinical outcomes. Temporal trends were analyzed using regression-based methods, and group comparisons were performed using chi-square tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The study included 1840 adolescents, with a significant increasing trend over time (p < 0.0001), but with a transient decline in 2020. The female-to-male ratio was 5.4:1 (p < 0.0001). The median age of the patients was 15.2 years. The suicide attempt methods were pharmaceutical poisoning (95%), chemical ingestion (4%), and violent methods (1%). Females were more prone to pharmaceutical poisoning, while males were associated with chemical ingestion and violent methods (p < 0.0001). Previously documented psychiatric disorders were present in 32.8% of patients, while 9.6% had a history of prior suicide attempts. Two fatalities (0.1%) were recorded, both involving defenestration. Conclusions: Hospital-treated suicide attempts among Romanian adolescents increased over time, mainly affecting females through pharmaceutical poisoning. Adolescents without prior psychiatric diagnoses reveal gaps in early identification and prevention. These findings highlight important patterns among hospital-treated adolescents and may inform targeted prevention efforts.