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Lymphoma is a heterogeneous malignancy originating from the lymphatic and hematopoietic systems. Traditional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches face significant limitations due to the complexity, dissemination, and drug resistance associated with lymphoma. Thus, novel approaches are required for precise management and treatment. Recently, advances in nanotechnology have provided new possibilities for lymphoma therapy, particularly through interdisciplinary research combining materials science and biomedicine, thus offering promising strategies for precision treatment. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in nanomedicine for lymphoma management. First, it introduces mechanisms of nanotechnological interventions, emphasizing lymphoma's pathological features. Next, cutting-edge diagnostic applications, including extracellular vesicle detection, high-sensitivity nucleic acid biomarker sensing, and multimodal imaging, are highlighted. Additionally, emerging therapeutic strategies such as integrated nanoplatforms combining diagnostics, treatment, and real-time monitoring are discussed. Examples include optimized mRNA vaccine delivery, enhanced chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, bispecific nanoparticle systems, and combination gene/chemotherapy approaches. Finally, this review outlines the challenges associated with clinical translation and suggests future directions for intelligent adaptive nanomedicine, emphasizing its potential to significantly advance lymphoma diagnosis and therapeutic paradigms.