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Impaired skin wound healing and fibrosis are common complications in diabetic patients, closely associated with impaired health and reduced quality of life. Aloe vera is a natural plant known for promoting skin regeneration, with its primary active component being aloe polysaccharides. We modified purified aloe polysaccharide solution via membrane permeation and induced it to self-assemble to obtain Aloe barbadensis polymeric acemannan 2 (ABPA2), which was further emulsified with silicone oil to form a stable emulsion named Aloe vera barbadensis extract regenerator (AVBER). In this study, we found that compared to the control group and the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) group, treating burn wounds in diabetic Bama miniature pigs with AVBER for 21 days significantly increased the wound healing rate, restored skin structure, and reduced dermal thickness and fibrosis deposition. Histological and proteomic data indicated that AVBER regulates cellular metabolism and related signaling pathways at the wound site, modulates multiple fibrosis-associated pathways such as TGF-β, Wnt, and Hippo, and improves collagen fiber ratio and deposition. This may explain the dual mechanism of AVBER in promoting wound healing and exerting anti-fibrotic effects. Our findings demonstrate that AVBER can serve as an effective aloe polysaccharide-based formulation for treating diabetes-related skin injuries and ameliorating fibrosis.