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Objective: To analyze the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its change trend in residents aged ≥40 years in Hubei Province from 2014 to 2024, and provide data support for COPD prevention and control. Methods: The COPD prevalence data were from three cross-sectional surveys of the China COPD surveillance from 2014 to 2024. Complex weighted sampling were used to analyze the prevalence of COPD and the changing trend of related factors in people with different demographic characteristics. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlated factors of COPD in Hubei. Results: The prevalence rates of COPD in people aged ≥40 years in Hubei in 2014-2015, 2019-2020 and 2024 were 12.5% (95%CI: 10.1%-14.8%), 10.7% (95%CI: 7.8%-13.6%) and 8.1% (95%CI: 5.8%-10.5%), respectively, with no statistical significance in downward trend (t=-2.06, P=0.079). The exposure rates of occupational dust and/or harmful gases, the use rate of coal fuel for household heating, the exposure rate of low BMI, the prevalence of dyspnea and any respiratory symptom decreased significantly. The protection rate against occupational exposure to dust or harmful gas increased significantly. The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that the COPD risk was higher in rural population (OR=1.38, 95%CI: 1.06-1.81), men (OR=3.45, 95%CI: 1.80-6.61), those with older age (50- years old: OR=2.81, 95%CI: 2.05-3.85; 60- years old: OR=3.04, 95%CI: 1.29-7.16; ≥70 years old: OR=8.43, 95%CI: 4.51-15.73), retired group (OR=2.60, 95%CI: 1.12-6.02), smokers (OR=2.48, 95%CI: 1.75-3.52), people with family history of chronic respiratory diseases (OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.29-1.84).The unemployed (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.54-0.97), middle-high per capita annual income (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.27-0.79), people with normal BMI (OR=0.21, 95%CI: 0.11-0.42), overweight people (OR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.10-0.33), and obese people (OR=0.07, 95%CI: 0.02-0.30) had lower risk for COPD. Conclusions: From 2014 to 2024, there was no statistically significant downward trend in the prevalence of COPD in residents aged ≥40 years in Hubei. Rural residents, men, the elderly, smokers, and those with a family history of chronic respiratory diseases were the population at high risk for COPD. It is necessary to further strengthen the surveillance for COPD and associated factors.