Antipsychotic treatment patterns and cardiometabolic medicine use: current real-world evidence.
Off-label use of antipsychotics, often at low doses, is increasing. Exploring the link between individual antipsychotic treatment patterns, including low-dose continuous use, and cardiometabolic health is crucial to prevent long-term morbidity and mortality. The current retrospective study examined the prevalence of cardiometabolic medicine use among antipsychotic-users, and its association with their past antipsychotic treatment patterns.
Using a 10% sample of the Australian national medicine dispensing claims data from 2022, we identified individuals aged 15-64 years with ≥2 antipsychotic dispensings (antipsychotic-users) and non-users. We extracted their past 5-year antipsychotic treatment patterns (dose, duration and use of multiple agents). Using Poisson regression and accounting for age and sex, we calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cardiometabolic medicine use (anti-diabetics, antihypertensives, lipid modifiers, anti-thrombotics) among antipsychotic-users versus non-users. We applied unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis to identify common antipsychotic-cardiometabolic co-dispensing.
Use of any cardiometabolic medicine was more prevalent among antipsychotic-users (35.8%, n = 28,345) than non-users (26%, n = 1,106,610) yielding an aPR of 1.30 (CI 1.28-1.33). aPRs for the use of anti-diabetics, lipid modifiers and antihypertensives were the highest among the younger age groups between 20 and 49 years and among women. Clustering analysis revealed increased co-dispensing of antipsychotics and anti-diabetics including sulfonylureas, statins, platelet aggregation inhibitors and beta blockers. The prevalence of cardiometabolic medicine use was associated with higher antipsychotic doses (23-54%), treatment duration (12-37%) and use of multiple agents (51%) compared with non-users. However, the prevalence of cardiometabolic medicine use for continuous (≥1 year) low-dose use of aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, chlorpromazine, lurasidone, olanzapine, periciazine and quetiapine was also elevated (13-43%).
Use of cardiometabolic medicines is increased among people on long-term antipsychotic treatment. These results highlight the need for active monitoring for cardiometabolic adverse effects, with antipsychotic cessation where possible, or timely interventions to limit morbidity.
Using a 10% sample of the Australian national medicine dispensing claims data from 2022, we identified individuals aged 15-64 years with ≥2 antipsychotic dispensings (antipsychotic-users) and non-users. We extracted their past 5-year antipsychotic treatment patterns (dose, duration and use of multiple agents). Using Poisson regression and accounting for age and sex, we calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cardiometabolic medicine use (anti-diabetics, antihypertensives, lipid modifiers, anti-thrombotics) among antipsychotic-users versus non-users. We applied unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis to identify common antipsychotic-cardiometabolic co-dispensing.
Use of any cardiometabolic medicine was more prevalent among antipsychotic-users (35.8%, n = 28,345) than non-users (26%, n = 1,106,610) yielding an aPR of 1.30 (CI 1.28-1.33). aPRs for the use of anti-diabetics, lipid modifiers and antihypertensives were the highest among the younger age groups between 20 and 49 years and among women. Clustering analysis revealed increased co-dispensing of antipsychotics and anti-diabetics including sulfonylureas, statins, platelet aggregation inhibitors and beta blockers. The prevalence of cardiometabolic medicine use was associated with higher antipsychotic doses (23-54%), treatment duration (12-37%) and use of multiple agents (51%) compared with non-users. However, the prevalence of cardiometabolic medicine use for continuous (≥1 year) low-dose use of aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, chlorpromazine, lurasidone, olanzapine, periciazine and quetiapine was also elevated (13-43%).
Use of cardiometabolic medicines is increased among people on long-term antipsychotic treatment. These results highlight the need for active monitoring for cardiometabolic adverse effects, with antipsychotic cessation where possible, or timely interventions to limit morbidity.
Authors
Radha Krishnan Radha Krishnan, Zoega Zoega, Buckley Buckley, Raubenheimer Raubenheimer
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