Assessing Short-Term Respiratory and Skin Disease Risks From Air Pollution During the 2024 Armed Conflict in Beirut, Lebanon.
Armed conflicts can deteriorate environmental conditions, including air quality, yet their short-term health implications remain underexplored. This study assessed the impact of the 2024 Beirut conflict on air pollution and associated respiratory and dermatological risks.
Satellite-derived air pollution concentrations for Beirut's Southern Suburbs were compared between the pre-war period (Aug. 1-Sep. 22, 2024) and the war period (Sep. 23-Nov. 29, 2024), using Mann-Whitney U and independent t-tests. Ground-level PM2.5 was measured across 5 sites from October 25 to November 3, 2024. Relative risk (RR) and attributable risk percentage (AR%) for hospital admissions were estimated using exposure-response functions from the Beirut Air Pollution and Health Effects (BAPHE) study. WHO's AirQ+ tool was applied for the validation of respiratory outcomes.
Median PM2.5 increased from 15.11 μg/m3 pre-war satellite period to 20.21 μg/m3 during the war. Ground-measured wartime median increased from 19.33 μg/m3 to 22.16 μg/m3 in the direct war zone (DWZ). Wartime respiratory admissions increased modestly (RR = 1.011, AR% = 1.13%) in DWZ, while skin disease admissions were higher in DWZ (RR = 1.032, AR% = 3.10%). AirQ+ estimates were aligned with BAPHE-based findings.
The 2024 Beirut conflict elevated air pollution, with measurable short-term health impacts, underscoring the need for environmental monitoring and preparedness during armed conflicts.
Satellite-derived air pollution concentrations for Beirut's Southern Suburbs were compared between the pre-war period (Aug. 1-Sep. 22, 2024) and the war period (Sep. 23-Nov. 29, 2024), using Mann-Whitney U and independent t-tests. Ground-level PM2.5 was measured across 5 sites from October 25 to November 3, 2024. Relative risk (RR) and attributable risk percentage (AR%) for hospital admissions were estimated using exposure-response functions from the Beirut Air Pollution and Health Effects (BAPHE) study. WHO's AirQ+ tool was applied for the validation of respiratory outcomes.
Median PM2.5 increased from 15.11 μg/m3 pre-war satellite period to 20.21 μg/m3 during the war. Ground-measured wartime median increased from 19.33 μg/m3 to 22.16 μg/m3 in the direct war zone (DWZ). Wartime respiratory admissions increased modestly (RR = 1.011, AR% = 1.13%) in DWZ, while skin disease admissions were higher in DWZ (RR = 1.032, AR% = 3.10%). AirQ+ estimates were aligned with BAPHE-based findings.
The 2024 Beirut conflict elevated air pollution, with measurable short-term health impacts, underscoring the need for environmental monitoring and preparedness during armed conflicts.
Authors
Abi Nader Abi Nader, Whaibeh Whaibeh, Habre Habre, Abi Hanna Abi Hanna, Mitri Mitri, Farah Farah, Abboud Abboud, Ziade Ziade, Matta Matta, Abi Tayeh Abi Tayeh, Joumaa Joumaa, El Zarif El Zarif, Abi Tayeh Abi Tayeh, Mrad Mrad
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