Associations of biochemical and metabolic markers with pregnancy outcomes in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study in eastern China.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a frequent pregnancy complication associated with negative maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, the contribution of non-glycaemic biochemical markers to pregnancy outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to compare biochemical markers and clinical outcomes in women with and without GDM and to identify associations between these markers and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs).
In this prospective cohort study, 246 pregnant women at Shandong Provincial Third Hospital were divided into GDM (n = 123) and non-GDM (NGDM; n = 123) groups. Fasting glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, liver and kidney function markers, and OGTT values were assessed. Pregnancy outcomes, including caesarean section, macrosomia, and premature rupture of membranes (PROM), were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations between biochemical markers and outcomes, adjusting for age, BMI, and gestational weight gain.
GDM women had significantly higher fasting glucose levels, HbA1c, gestational BMI, and caesarean section rates (p < 0.001). Serum albumin levels were slightly higher in the GDM group (p = 0.028), whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and direct bilirubin were higher in NGDM women. Higher serum albumin levels were associated with lower odds of macrosomia (AOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.93) and PROM in NGDM women. Creatinine was also inversely related to macrosomia risk in NGDM (AOR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.60-0.94).
Distinct biochemical profiles were observed between GDM and NGDM pregnancies. Albumin and creatinine may serve as simple, cost-effective indicators of reduced obstetric risk among normoglycaemic women. Incorporating these routinely measured markers into prenatal screening could improve individualized risk prediction and early intervention strategies..
In this prospective cohort study, 246 pregnant women at Shandong Provincial Third Hospital were divided into GDM (n = 123) and non-GDM (NGDM; n = 123) groups. Fasting glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, liver and kidney function markers, and OGTT values were assessed. Pregnancy outcomes, including caesarean section, macrosomia, and premature rupture of membranes (PROM), were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations between biochemical markers and outcomes, adjusting for age, BMI, and gestational weight gain.
GDM women had significantly higher fasting glucose levels, HbA1c, gestational BMI, and caesarean section rates (p < 0.001). Serum albumin levels were slightly higher in the GDM group (p = 0.028), whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and direct bilirubin were higher in NGDM women. Higher serum albumin levels were associated with lower odds of macrosomia (AOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.93) and PROM in NGDM women. Creatinine was also inversely related to macrosomia risk in NGDM (AOR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.60-0.94).
Distinct biochemical profiles were observed between GDM and NGDM pregnancies. Albumin and creatinine may serve as simple, cost-effective indicators of reduced obstetric risk among normoglycaemic women. Incorporating these routinely measured markers into prenatal screening could improve individualized risk prediction and early intervention strategies..