Burden of metabolic diseases in mainland China from 1990 to 2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021.
Within the last three decades, common metabolic diseases have become a worldwide health burden, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, trends and burdens of these metabolic diseases across age and sex in Mainland China from 1990 to 2021 remain unclear.
Estimated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths from GBD 2021 were utilized to analyze common metabolic diseases (T2DM, hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and MASLD). Trend analyses were conducted using age-standardized DALYs (mortality) per 100,000 population and the total percentage change (TPC) between 1990 and 2021. Estimates were presented with uncertainty intervals (UI).
In 2021, among the five common metabolic diseases, hypertension had the highest burden (55.69 million [95% UI: 43.30-70.33] DALYs), followed by obesity (20.87 million [95% UI: 8.50-33.64] DALYs), hypercholesterolemia (18.41 million [95% UI: 10.27-27.11]), T2DM (11.47 million [95% UI: 8.83-14.70] DALYs) and MASLD (0.41 million [95% UI: 0.32-0.53] DALYs). Over the past three decades, the burden of these metabolic diseases has increased, albeit at varying magnitudes (ranging from a 0.64-fold to a 2.84-fold increase). Obesity and T2DM were the top two diseases with the highest TPC (2.84 and 1.90 respectively). The burden of DALYs and deaths, as well as their TPC in males with almost all the five common metabolic diseases was higher than that in females. In addition, the 55-74 years age group had the greatest burden of metabolic conditions.
The burden of common metabolic diseases remained high and continued to increase in Mainland China over the past 30 years. Therefore, urgent interventions are needed to address the concerning surge in DALYs and mortality as well as the persistent age-sex disparities attributed to metabolic diseases.
Estimated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths from GBD 2021 were utilized to analyze common metabolic diseases (T2DM, hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and MASLD). Trend analyses were conducted using age-standardized DALYs (mortality) per 100,000 population and the total percentage change (TPC) between 1990 and 2021. Estimates were presented with uncertainty intervals (UI).
In 2021, among the five common metabolic diseases, hypertension had the highest burden (55.69 million [95% UI: 43.30-70.33] DALYs), followed by obesity (20.87 million [95% UI: 8.50-33.64] DALYs), hypercholesterolemia (18.41 million [95% UI: 10.27-27.11]), T2DM (11.47 million [95% UI: 8.83-14.70] DALYs) and MASLD (0.41 million [95% UI: 0.32-0.53] DALYs). Over the past three decades, the burden of these metabolic diseases has increased, albeit at varying magnitudes (ranging from a 0.64-fold to a 2.84-fold increase). Obesity and T2DM were the top two diseases with the highest TPC (2.84 and 1.90 respectively). The burden of DALYs and deaths, as well as their TPC in males with almost all the five common metabolic diseases was higher than that in females. In addition, the 55-74 years age group had the greatest burden of metabolic conditions.
The burden of common metabolic diseases remained high and continued to increase in Mainland China over the past 30 years. Therefore, urgent interventions are needed to address the concerning surge in DALYs and mortality as well as the persistent age-sex disparities attributed to metabolic diseases.