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Cellular senescence is fundamentally characterized as an irreversible cell cycle arrest state. Studies have revealed that cellular senescence plays a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of hematological malignancies. Consequently, inducing cellular senescence has emerged as a therapeutic strategy for these malignancies. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine, characterized by its high efficacy and relatively low toxicity, has shown unique potential in inducing senescence in hematological tumor cells. Previous studies have shown that traditional Chinese herbal medicine can induce cellular senescence through mechanisms such as telomere shortening, DNA damage induction, and regulation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) to treat hematological malignancies. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in the mechanisms by which cellular senescence contributes to the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies and the role of traditional Chinese herbal medicine in inducing cellular senescence for therapeutic purposes, thereby providing novel insights and theoretical support for the application of traditional Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of hematological malignancies.