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Depression is a serious mental and psychological disorder, characterized by a high incidence rate, high disability rate and high recurrence rate. It is a major problem that urgently needs to be solved in the field of global public health. Circadian rhythms regulate various physiological and behavioral processes in the human body. Previous studies have shown that there is a close connection between circadian rhythmicity and depression. Factors such as shift work, jet lag, social jet lag, chronotypes, and light at night exposure are all related to the occurrence and development of depression. An in-depth exploration of the neural mechanisms related to circadian rhythms and depression can help us better understand the relationship between the two. At present, non-pharmacological intervention methods based on circadian rhythm regulation, such as light therapy, sleep deprivation and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia have demonstrated clinical value in improving depression. Future research can also focus on the in-depth application of wearable devices, explore diverse and precise intervention methods, conduct in-depth longitudinal studies, and use various brain imaging devices to explore neural mechanisms, etc. providing theoretical basis and practical directions for the early prevention, precise diagnosis and personalized treatment of depression.