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Cognitive behavior therapy is an evidence-based, time-limited psychotherapy that uses goal-oriented interventions to treat various mental and physical health conditions across the lifespan. It is used alone or with pharmacologic interventions to help patients modify problematic thoughts, behaviors, and emotions that maintain functional impairment. It is a primary treatment for tinnitus, fatigue, and trauma, somatic symptom, tic, insomnia, and borderline personality disorders. Cognitive behavior therapy or medication is the primary treatment for sexual dysfunction, anxiety, depressive, and obsessive-compulsive and related diagnoses. Cognitive behavior therapy can be a primary treatment or combined with medication-assisted treatment for substance-related and addictive disorders. It is an adjunctive treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, chronic pain conditions, irritable bowel syndrome, weight management, and menopause. Telehealth and digital interventions have demonstrated clinical benefits. Efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy ranges from small to large effect sizes compared with control conditions or treatment as usual. Integrated behavioral health teams may administer brief cognitive behavior interventions in the primary care setting.