Complete response to dual immune checkpoint blockade in a patient with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome and epithelioid angiomyolipoma.
Epithelioid angiomyolipoma (E-AML) is a rare renal tumor, which can exhibit malignant potential. Because angiomyolipomas frequently harbor TSC1/TSC2 alterations, mTOR inhibitors are commonly used. However, durable disease control remains inconsistent. The potential for long-lasting response with immune checkpoint inhibitors supports exploring their role in E-AML. We report a patient with highly symptomatic, locally advanced renal E-AML treated with first-line ipilimumab plus nivolumab. The patient experienced rapid symptomatic and radiographic improvement after treatment initiation. She subsequently developed immune-related sarcoidosis, which resolved after discontinuation of immunotherapy and with corticosteroids. Given sustained disease control, she underwent delayed nephrectomy demonstrating complete pathologic response in the primary tumor. Genomic analysis revealed a germline mutation in FLCN consistent with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. T-cell receptor sequencing identified a shared expanded T-cell clone in peripheral blood and within the tumor. With extended follow-up for over 5 years, she remains in durable remission after dual immune checkpoint blockade. To our knowledge, this is the first report of dual immune checkpoint blockade in renal E-AML. This case demonstrates that first-line ipilimumab plus nivolumab can induce deep, durable response-including complete pathologic response-in a rare malignancy with limited standard treatment options, supporting further evaluation of immunotherapy in this disease.
Authors
Viola Viola, Cornish Cornish, Carlo Carlo, Hamid Hamid, Reuter Reuter, Russo Russo, Motzer Motzer, Voss Voss, Kotecha Kotecha
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