Determinants of Bronchiectasis Among Patients Attending Chest Clinic of Teaching Hospital in Ethiopia: Case-Control Study.
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease characterized by cough and purulent sputum, recurrent infections, and airway damage. It affects people of all ages and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality.
A case-control study was conducted to assess factors associated with bronchiectasis. Each patient with HRCT-confirmed bronchiectasis who visited the chest clinic was selected as a case, whereas age- and sex-matched patients without bronchiectasis were selected as controls. Data was collected using a chart review and questionnaire from April 1, 2022, to June 30, 2022. Then, data was entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Frequencies and cross-tabulations were used to summarize descriptive statistics of the data. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were done to establish associations for variables.
The study included 77 cases and 153 controls, with 49.35% of the cases and 33.99% of the controls being between the ages of 41 and 60. After adjusting for potential confounders, a multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that four variables were independent predictors of bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis was six times more likely to occur in patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (AOR = 6.182; 95% CI (3.16-12.10), p < 0.001). COPD (AOR = 2.896; 95% CI = 1.460-5.746, p = 0.002), bronchial asthma (AOR = 2.124; 95% CI = 1.086-4.154, p = 0.028), and COVID-19 (AOR = 2.786; 95% CI = 1.454-5.340, p = 0.002) also increased the risk of bronchiectasis by more than twofold. There was no significant association between bronchiectasis and age, sex, or smoking history.
Pulmonary tuberculosis, COVID-19, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchial asthma are associated with the development of bronchiectasis. Attention should be given to early identification of bronchiectasis among patients with these lung diseases.
A case-control study was conducted to assess factors associated with bronchiectasis. Each patient with HRCT-confirmed bronchiectasis who visited the chest clinic was selected as a case, whereas age- and sex-matched patients without bronchiectasis were selected as controls. Data was collected using a chart review and questionnaire from April 1, 2022, to June 30, 2022. Then, data was entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Frequencies and cross-tabulations were used to summarize descriptive statistics of the data. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were done to establish associations for variables.
The study included 77 cases and 153 controls, with 49.35% of the cases and 33.99% of the controls being between the ages of 41 and 60. After adjusting for potential confounders, a multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that four variables were independent predictors of bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis was six times more likely to occur in patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (AOR = 6.182; 95% CI (3.16-12.10), p < 0.001). COPD (AOR = 2.896; 95% CI = 1.460-5.746, p = 0.002), bronchial asthma (AOR = 2.124; 95% CI = 1.086-4.154, p = 0.028), and COVID-19 (AOR = 2.786; 95% CI = 1.454-5.340, p = 0.002) also increased the risk of bronchiectasis by more than twofold. There was no significant association between bronchiectasis and age, sex, or smoking history.
Pulmonary tuberculosis, COVID-19, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchial asthma are associated with the development of bronchiectasis. Attention should be given to early identification of bronchiectasis among patients with these lung diseases.