Family History and Solar Insolation in Bipolar I Disorder.
Sunlight has profound impacts on physical and mental health, beyond vision, including effects on circadian rhythms, alertness, mood, and sleep. A family history of any mood disorders is strongly associated with psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between a family history of any mood disorder in patients with bipolar I disorder and solar insolation at varied international onset locations.
Data for this analysis were available from 5842 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder obtained at 83 collection sites in both hemispheres. This included 4752 patients from 71 collection sites in the northern hemisphere and 1090 patients from 12 collection sites in the southern hemisphere. Patient data variables were obtained from records or interviews. Solar insolation data were obtained from The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Power database for each onset location, and the ratio of the mean monthly minimum/mean monthly maximum solar insolation was calculated. Typically, the ratio is largest near the equator (little yearly change in solar insolation) and smallest near the poles (large yearly change in solar insolation).
A significant relationship was found between a family history of any mood disorder, the ratio of the mean monthly minimum/mean monthly maximum solar insolation, and gender. The odds of a family history of mood disorder increased as patient location nears the poles and decreased near the equator. Female gender also increased the odds of having a family history of a mood disorder.
This study highlighted the association between family history, solar insolation, and gender in international patients with bipolar I disorder. Given the profound effects of sunlight on human health, the family of patients with bipolar disorder who live in the same location with the same solar insolation, and especially females, may be at increased risk for a mood disorder.
Data for this analysis were available from 5842 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder obtained at 83 collection sites in both hemispheres. This included 4752 patients from 71 collection sites in the northern hemisphere and 1090 patients from 12 collection sites in the southern hemisphere. Patient data variables were obtained from records or interviews. Solar insolation data were obtained from The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Power database for each onset location, and the ratio of the mean monthly minimum/mean monthly maximum solar insolation was calculated. Typically, the ratio is largest near the equator (little yearly change in solar insolation) and smallest near the poles (large yearly change in solar insolation).
A significant relationship was found between a family history of any mood disorder, the ratio of the mean monthly minimum/mean monthly maximum solar insolation, and gender. The odds of a family history of mood disorder increased as patient location nears the poles and decreased near the equator. Female gender also increased the odds of having a family history of a mood disorder.
This study highlighted the association between family history, solar insolation, and gender in international patients with bipolar I disorder. Given the profound effects of sunlight on human health, the family of patients with bipolar disorder who live in the same location with the same solar insolation, and especially females, may be at increased risk for a mood disorder.
Authors
Bauer Bauer, Glenn Glenn, Achtyes Achtyes, Alda Alda, Agaoglu Agaoglu, Altınbaş Altınbaş, Andreassen Andreassen, Angelopoulos Angelopoulos, Ardau Ardau, Aydin Aydin, Ayhan Ayhan, Baethge Baethge, Bauer Bauer, Baune Baune, Balaban Balaban, Becerra-Palars Becerra-Palars, Behere Behere, Belete Belete, Belete Belete, Belizario Belizario, Bellivier Bellivier, Belmaker Belmaker, Benedetti Benedetti, Berk Berk, Bersudsky Bersudsky, Bicakci Bicakci, Birabwa-Oketcho Birabwa-Oketcho, Bjella Bjella, Brady Brady, Cabrera Cabrera, Cappucciati Cappucciati, Castro Castro, Chen Chen, Cheung Cheung, Chiesa Chiesa, Chanopoulou Chanopoulou, Crowe Crowe, Cuomo Cuomo, Dallaspezia Dallaspezia, Desai Desai, Dodd Dodd, Etain Etain, Fagiolini Fagiolini, Fellendorf Fellendorf, Ferensztajn-Rochowiak Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Fiedorowicz Fiedorowicz, Fountoulakis Fountoulakis, Frye Frye, Geoffroy Geoffroy, Gitlin Gitlin, Gonzalez-Pinto Gonzalez-Pinto, Gottlieb Gottlieb, Grof Grof, Haarman Haarman, Harima Harima, Hasse-Sousa Hasse-Sousa, Henry Henry, Hoffding Hoffding, Houenou Houenou, Imbesi Imbesi, Isometsä Isometsä, Ivkovic Ivkovic, Janno Janno, Johnsen Johnsen, Kapczinski Kapczinski, Karakatsoulis Karakatsoulis, Kardell Kardell, Kessing Kessing, Kim Kim, König König, Kot Kot, Koval Koval, Kunz Kunz, Lafer Lafer, Landén Landén, Larsen Larsen, Licht Licht, Ludwig Ludwig, Lopez-Jaramillo Lopez-Jaramillo, MacKenzie MacKenzie, Madsen Madsen, Madsen Madsen, Mahadevan Mahadevan, Mahardika Mahardika, Mahfoudh Mahfoudh, Manchia Manchia, Marsh Marsh, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Martini Martini, Martiny Martiny, Mashima Mashima, McLoughlin McLoughlin, Meesters Meesters, Meesters Meesters, Melle Melle, Meza-Urzúa Meza-Urzúa, Michaelis Michaelis, Mikolas Mikolas, Mok Mok, Monteith Monteith, Moorthy Moorthy, Morken Morken, Mosca Mosca, Mozzhegorov Mozzhegorov, Munoz Munoz, Mythri Mythri, Nadella Nadella, Nakanotani Nakanotani, Nielsen Nielsen, O'Donovan O'Donovan, Omrani Omrani, Osher Osher, Ouali Ouali, Pantovic-Stefanovic Pantovic-Stefanovic, Pariwatcharakul Pariwatcharakul, Petite Petite, Pfennig Pfennig, Pilhatsch Pilhatsch, Ruiz Ruiz, Pinna Pinna, Pompili Pompili, Porter Porter, Quiroz Quiroz, Rabelo-da-Ponte Rabelo-da-Ponte, Ramesar Ramesar, Rasgon Rasgon, Ratta-Apha Ratta-Apha, Redahan Redahan, Reddy Reddy, Reif Reif, Reininghaus Reininghaus, Richards Richards, Ritter Ritter, Rybakowski Rybakowski, Sathyaputri Sathyaputri, Scippa Scippa, Simhandl Simhandl, Smith Smith, Smith Smith, Stackhouse Stackhouse, Stein Stein, Stilwell Stilwell, Strejilevich Strejilevich, Su Su, Subramaniam Subramaniam, Sulaiman Sulaiman, Suominen Suominen, Tanra Tanra, Tatebayashi Tatebayashi, Teh Teh, Tondo Tondo, Torrent Torrent, Tuinstra Tuinstra, Uchida Uchida, Vaaler Vaaler, Vieta Vieta, Viswanath Viswanath, Volf Volf, Yang Yang, Yoldi-Negrete Yoldi-Negrete, Yalcinkaya Yalcinkaya, Young Young, Zgueb Zgueb, Whybrow Whybrow
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