Global, Regional, and National Burden of Heart Failure, 1990-2023: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.
Heart failure (HF) is a common condition with substantial geographical variation in its prevalence and underlying etiologies. Consistent and comparable data on the burden of HF within populations are needed to inform health system priorities.
To estimate the global burden of HF.
This cross-sectional study estimates disease burden using Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) methodologies to integrate multiple information sources. Data come from 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023 representing the global population with prevalent HF.
HF and underlying etiologies.
Estimates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) for HF by age, sex, location, year, and underlying etiology.
Globally, there were 56.0 million (95% UI, 49.9-62.2 million) estimated cases of HF in 2023. The estimated prevalence of HF generally increased with age for all locations. While ischemic heart disease and hypertensive heart disease were the 2 most common etiologies globally among older adults, there was substantial variation in etiological pattern by location and age. Congenital heart anomalies and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) were common etiologies in children and young adults, while the proportion of HF due to alcohol use peaked in middle adulthood. Location-specific estimates highlighted regions with higher burden of HF due to specific etiologies, including RHD (south Asia, east Asia, Oceania, southeast Asia, central sub-Saharan Africa, eastern sub-Saharan Africa, southern sub-Saharan Africa, and western sub-Saharan Africa), alcohol use (eastern Europe, Australasia, the Caribbean, and central Europe), and Chagas disease (southern, Andean, tropical, and central Latin America).
Heart failure is a significant global public health burden, and the impact is likely to increase as populations age. However, most HF etiologies can be prevented by interventions that reduce exposure to modifiable risk factors, such as elevated blood pressure, excessive alcohol consumption, and tobacco use. Etiology- and location-specific estimates can provide necessary information for public health officials to determine how best to prioritize interventions to reduce HF disease burden.
To estimate the global burden of HF.
This cross-sectional study estimates disease burden using Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) methodologies to integrate multiple information sources. Data come from 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023 representing the global population with prevalent HF.
HF and underlying etiologies.
Estimates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) for HF by age, sex, location, year, and underlying etiology.
Globally, there were 56.0 million (95% UI, 49.9-62.2 million) estimated cases of HF in 2023. The estimated prevalence of HF generally increased with age for all locations. While ischemic heart disease and hypertensive heart disease were the 2 most common etiologies globally among older adults, there was substantial variation in etiological pattern by location and age. Congenital heart anomalies and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) were common etiologies in children and young adults, while the proportion of HF due to alcohol use peaked in middle adulthood. Location-specific estimates highlighted regions with higher burden of HF due to specific etiologies, including RHD (south Asia, east Asia, Oceania, southeast Asia, central sub-Saharan Africa, eastern sub-Saharan Africa, southern sub-Saharan Africa, and western sub-Saharan Africa), alcohol use (eastern Europe, Australasia, the Caribbean, and central Europe), and Chagas disease (southern, Andean, tropical, and central Latin America).
Heart failure is a significant global public health burden, and the impact is likely to increase as populations age. However, most HF etiologies can be prevented by interventions that reduce exposure to modifiable risk factors, such as elevated blood pressure, excessive alcohol consumption, and tobacco use. Etiology- and location-specific estimates can provide necessary information for public health officials to determine how best to prioritize interventions to reduce HF disease burden.
Authors
, Johnson Johnson, Abbasi Abbasi, Abbasifard Abbasifard, Abbastabar Abbastabar, ElHafeez ElHafeez, Abdel Razeq Abdel Razeq, Abdelgalil Abdelgalil, Abdolizadeh Abdolizadeh, Abdoun Abdoun, Abdrabou Abdrabou, Abdullahi Abdullahi, Abebe Abebe, Abejew Abejew, Abil Abil, Abiodun Abiodun, Aboagye Aboagye, Abohashem Abohashem, Aboouf Aboouf, Abouelmagd Abouelmagd, Abouzid Abouzid, Abramov Abramov, Abtahi Abtahi, Abuadas Abuadas, Abu-Gharbieh Abu-Gharbieh, Abuhelwa Abuhelwa, Abushanab Abushanab, Adams Adams, Addo Addo, Adedokun Adedokun, Adegbile Adegbile, Adegoke Adegoke, Adeleke Adeleke, Adeniyi Adeniyi, Adesina Adesina, Adesola Adesola, Adhikari Adhikari, Adisu Adisu, Adoma Adoma, Afoakwah Afoakwah, Afrifa-Yamoah Afrifa-Yamoah, Sohail Afzal Sohail Afzal, Aghaali Aghaali, Agide Agide, Agordoh Agordoh, Agostinis Sobrinho Agostinis Sobrinho, Agrawal Agrawal, Agyemang-Duah Agyemang-Duah, Ahmad Ahmad, Ahmad Ahmad, Ahmad Ahmad, Ahmad Ahmad, Ahmad Ahmad, Ahmad Ahmad, Ahmadi Ahmadi, Ahmadi Ahmadi, Ahmadian Ahmadian, Ahmadzadeh Ahmadzadeh, Ahmed Ahmed, Ahmed Ahmed, Ahmed Ahmed, Ahmed Ahmed, Ahmed Ahmed, Ahmed Ahmed, Ajami Ajami, Ajayi Ajayi, Akhigbe Akhigbe, Akhtar Akhtar, Al Awaidy Al Awaidy, Al Bahhawi Al Bahhawi, Al Hasan Al Hasan, Al Nawayseh Al Nawayseh, Al Thaher Al Thaher, Al Zaabi Al Zaabi, Al Zoubi Al Zoubi, Alahdab Alahdab, Al-Ahmad Al-Ahmad, Alalalmeh Alalalmeh, Alam Alam, Alam Alam, Alanezi Alanezi, Alanzi Alanzi, Al-Ashwal Al-Ashwal, Alavi Alavi, ALBashtawy ALBashtawy, Aldabbour Aldabbour, Al-Dalakta Al-Dalakta, Aldawsari Aldawsari, Al-Dewik Al-Dewik, Aleidi Aleidi, Alfalki Alfalki, Algammal Algammal, Algethami Algethami, Alhabib Alhabib, Alhalaiqa Alhalaiqa, Alhumaydhi Alhumaydhi, Ali Ali, Ali Ali, Ali Ali, Ali Ali, Ali Ali, Ali Ali, Alif Alif, Aligaz Aligaz, Alimohammadi Alimohammadi, Na'uzo Na'uzo, Al-Jabi Al-Jabi, Aljohani Aljohani, Aljunid Aljunid, Alkubati Alkubati, Alla Alla, Allemailem Allemailem, Allouh Allouh, Almagharbeh Almagharbeh, Almahmeed Almahmeed, Al-Marwani Al-Marwani, Almazan Almazan, Alnaeem Alnaeem, Alniss Alniss, Alomari Alomari, Alosta Alosta, Al-Qudah Al-Qudah, Al-Qudimat Al-Qudimat, Alrawashdeh Alrawashdeh, Al-Rifai Al-Rifai, Alrimawi Alrimawi, Alsaadi Alsaadi, Alshahrani Alshahrani, Altaf Altaf, Altobaishat Altobaishat, Altwalbeh Altwalbeh, Alvis-Guzman Alvis-Guzman, Al-Worafi Al-Worafi, Aly Aly, Alyahya Alyahya, Al-Zalabani Al-Zalabani, Alzoubi Alzoubi, Alzoubi Alzoubi, Al-Zubairi Al-Zubairi, Al-Zyoud Al-Zyoud, Amini Amini, Amirtharaj Amirtharaj, Ammirati Ammirati, Amu Amu, Amusa Amusa, Anagnostakis Anagnostakis, Ananda Ananda, Andrei Andrei, Ang Ang, Anil Anil, Anjanappa Anjanappa, Anokye Anokye, Anuoluwa Anuoluwa, Anuoluwa Anuoluwa, Anvari Anvari, Anyasodor Anyasodor, Apostol Apostol, Arabi Arabi, Arabloo Arabloo, Aravkin Aravkin, Areda Areda, Aremu Aremu, Arias de la Torre Arias de la Torre, Aripov Aripov, Arjmand Arjmand, Ă„rnlöv Ă„rnlöv, Aryntayeva Aryntayeva, Asamane Asamane, Ascione Ascione, Asdaq Asdaq, Ashraf Ashraf, Ashraf Ashraf, Asiamah-Asare Asiamah-Asare, Aslam Aslam, Assariparambil Assariparambil, Ataç Ataç, Athari Athari, Atorkey Atorkey, Aujayeb Aujayeb, Aung Aung, Aurangzeb Aurangzeb, Awan Awan, Awol Awol, Awotidebe Awotidebe, Ayed Ayed, Azad Azad, Azadnia Azadnia, Azami Azami, Azarboo Azarboo, Azarian Azarian, Aziz Aziz, Aziz Aziz, Azzolino Azzolino, Babu Babu, Bacha Bacha, Badar Badar, Bagheri Bagheri, Baghlaf Baghlaf, Baig Baig, Bakhshali Bakhshali, Balakrishnan Balakrishnan, Baltatu Baltatu, Bandara Bandara, Banik Banik, Barqawi Barqawi, Basharat Basharat, Bashir Bashir, Bashiri Bashiri, Basiru Basiru, Bastan Bastan, Batarseh Batarseh, Batchi-Bouyou Batchi-Bouyou, Batool Batool, Beeraka Beeraka, Behnam Behnam, Belay Belay, Bente Kamal Tune Bente Kamal Tune, Ben-Umeh Ben-Umeh, Berihun Berihun, Bhagat Bhagat, Bhardwaj Bhardwaj, Bhardwaj Bhardwaj, Bhaskar Bhaskar, Bhattacharjee Bhattacharjee, Bhattacharya Bhattacharya, Bhatti Bhatti, Bhuiyan Bhuiyan, Bimal Bimal, Bitar Bitar, Bizzozero-Peroni Bizzozero-Peroni, Bohn Bohn, Borran Borran, Carvajal Carvajal, Bouaoud Bouaoud, Boxe Boxe, Brant Brant, Bugiardini Bugiardini, Bui Bui, Bulamu Bulamu, Busch Busch, Bustanji Bustanji, Campos Campos, Cao Cao, Cao Cao, Capodici Capodici, Carvalho Carvalho, Chakraborty Chakraborty, Chakraborty Chakraborty, Chakraborty Chakraborty, Chan Chan, Chandrasekaran Chandrasekaran, Chattu Chattu, Chau Chau, Chaudhary Chaudhary, Cheema Cheema, Chen Chen, Chen Chen, Chen Chen, Chen Chen, Chen Chen, Chew Chew, Chi Chi, Ching Ching, Chong Chong, Chong Chong, Chopra Chopra, Chopra Chopra, Choudhari Choudhari, Chowdhury Chowdhury, Chowdhury Chowdhury, Chua Chua, Chung Chung, Chung Chung, Cicero Cicero, Corda Corda, Cosma Cosma, Costa Costa, Cruz-Martins Cruz-Martins, Dadras Dadras, Dai Dai, Dai Dai, Dalakoti Dalakoti, Damasceno Damasceno, D'Amico D'Amico, D'Anna D'Anna, Darcho Darcho, Davletov Davletov, Dejenie Dejenie, Delgado-Enciso Delgado-Enciso, Dergaa Dergaa, Derviševic Derviševic, Desai Desai, Devanbu Devanbu, Dhali Dhali, Dhane Dhane, Dhungel Dhungel, Di Pumpo Di Pumpo, Dias da Silva Dias da Silva, Do Do, Do Do, Dohare Dohare, Dorostkar Dorostkar, Doshi Doshi, Dourado Dourado, Dumbili Dumbili, Duraes Duraes, Duraisamy Duraisamy, Dutta Dutta, Dutta Dutta, E'mar E'mar, Edeh Edeh, Edvardsson Edvardsson, Ejeta Ejeta, Ekholuenetale Ekholuenetale, Adel El Arab Adel El Arab, El Sayed El Sayed, Eladl Eladl, Elalfy Elalfy, Elgendy Elgendy, Elhadi Elhadi, El-Huneidi El-Huneidi, Elkhanishy Elkhanishy, Elmeligy Elmeligy, Elmonem Elmonem, Elmoselhi Elmoselhi, Elnaem Elnaem, Eltahawy Eltahawy, Emeto Emeto, Eva Eva, Fabin Fabin, Fadavian Fadavian, Fagbamigbe Fagbamigbe, Fakhradiyev Fakhradiyev, Fareed Fareed, Farhana Farhana, Al-Juhyiish Al-Juhyiish, Fazylov Fazylov, Fekadu Fekadu, Fekadu Fekadu, Fernandez-Jimenez Fernandez-Jimenez, Ferrara Ferrara, Ferreira Ferreira, Fischer Fischer, Flor Flor, Fogacci Fogacci, Fornari Fornari, Rodrigues Rodrigues, Foschi Foschi, Gad Gad, Gaipov Gaipov, Ganessane Ganessane, Gangachannaiah Gangachannaiah, Ganguli Ganguli, Gao Gao, Garcia Garcia, Garg Garg, Garlasco Garlasco, Gaye Gaye, Gebrehiwot Gebrehiwot, Matin Matin, Getacher Getacher, Getahun Getahun, Gete Gete, Ghaderzadeh Ghaderzadeh, Ghaffari Ghaffari, Jolfayi Jolfayi, Ghafoury Ghafoury, Ghamkhar Ghamkhar, Gharaibeh Gharaibeh, Ghasemi Ghasemi, Ghashghaee Ghashghaee, Ghazy Ghazy, Ghith Ghith, Ghoba Ghoba, Gil Gil, Gilani Gilani, Gillum Gillum, Gizachew Gizachew, Göbölös Göbölös, Golechha Golechha, Goleij Goleij, Golinelli Golinelli, Golmohammadi Golmohammadi, Goshu Goshu, Goulart Goulart, Guadie Guadie, Guha Guha, Gunawardane Gunawardane, Gupta Gupta, Gupta Gupta, Gupta Gupta, Gupta Gupta, GutiĂ©rrez-Murillo GutiĂ©rrez-Murillo, Guzmán-Muñoz Guzmán-Muñoz, Hadi Hadi, Haghtalab Haghtalab, Halboup Halboup, Halder Halder, Halim Halim, Hamdy Hamdy, Hamed Hamed, Hamidi Hamidi, Hamidi Hamidi, Hamilton Hamilton, Hanif Hanif, Hanifi Hanifi, Hanna Hanna, Haq Haq, Haque Haque, Hasaballah Hasaballah, Hasan Hasan, Hasan Hasan, Hasan Hasan, Hasani Hasani, Hashempur Hashempur, Hassan Hassan, Hassan Hassan, Hassan Hassan, Hassan Hassan, Hassan Hassan, Hassan Hassan, Havmoeller Havmoeller, Hay Hay, Hayatu Hayatu, He He, Heidari Heidari, Heidari Heidari, Hein Hein, Hewage Hewage, Hezam Hezam, Hiraike Hiraike, Hoang Hoang, Holla Holla, Hossain Hossain, Hossain Hossain, Hossain Hossain, Hosseinzadeh Hosseinzadeh, Hostiuc Hostiuc, Huang Huang, Hushmandi Hushmandi, Hussein Hussein, Huynh Huynh, Hwang Hwang, Ibitoye Ibitoye, Ibrahim Ibrahim, Ibrahim Ibrahim, Ibrayeva Ibrayeva, Ikram Ikram, Ilic Ilic, Ilic Ilic, Ilyasu Ilyasu, Imoh Imoh, Iqbal Iqbal, Iqhrammullah Iqhrammullah, Irfan Irfan, Islam Islam, Ismoldayev Ismoldayev, Iso Iso, Iwagami Iwagami, Iwu Iwu, Iwu-Jaja Iwu-Jaja, Iyalomhe Iyalomhe, Izadidehkordi Izadidehkordi, Izquierdo-Condoy Izquierdo-Condoy, Jaafari Jaafari, Jacob Jacob, Jadidi Jadidi, Jafari-Khounigh Jafari-Khounigh, Jaganathan Jaganathan, Jahrami Jahrami, Jaiswal Jaiswal, Yengejeh Yengejeh, Jamal Jamal, Jamaluddin Jamaluddin, Jamil Jamil, Jawaid Jawaid, Jayasinghe Jayasinghe, Jeganathan Jeganathan, Jeong Jeong, Ji Ji, Jonas Jonas, Joo Joo, Jose Jose, Jose Jose, Joseph Joseph, Joseph Joseph, Joshi Joshi, Joshua Joshua, Joukar Joukar, Jozwiak Jozwiak, Jung Jung, Juweid Juweid, Kaambwa Kaambwa, Kadir Kadir, Kahe Kahe, Kakkar Kakkar, Kalavani Kalavani, Kalra Kalra, Kamorudeen Kamorudeen, Kamyshnyi Kamyshnyi, Kang Kang, Kankam Kankam, Kanmiki Kanmiki, Kanmodi Kanmodi, Kannan Kannan, Kar Kar, Karajizadeh Karajizadeh, Karakasis Karakasis, Behnagh Behnagh, Karkhah Karkhah, Kashoo Kashoo, Kashyap Kashyap, Kassa Kassa, Kaur Kaur, Kaur Kaur, Kayode Kayode, Kayola Kayola, Kazemian Kazemian, Kebede Kebede, Kebede Kebede, Khaksar Khaksar, Khalil Khalil, Khan Khan, Khan Khan, Khan Khan, Khan Khan, Khan Khan, Khan Khan, Khan Khan, Khan Khan, Khan Khan, Khan Khan, Khasbage Khasbage, Khatatbeh Khatatbeh, Khatatbeh Khatatbeh, Kheirallah Kheirallah, Khokhar Khokhar, Khosla Khosla, Khosravi Khosravi, Khosravi Khosravi, Khubchandani Khubchandani, Kifle Kifle, Kim Kim, Kim Kim, Kim Kim, Kim Kim, Kimokoti Kimokoti, Kisa Kisa, Kondlahalli Kondlahalli, Kolahi Kolahi, Kompani Kompani, Korzh Korzh, Koulmane Laxminarayana Koulmane Laxminarayana, Krishan Krishan, Krishnamoorthy Krishnamoorthy, Kua Kua, Kuanar Kuanar, Kuddus Kuddus, Kulimbet Kulimbet, Kumar Kumar, Kumar Kumar, Kumar Kumar, Kumar Kumar, Kumar Kumar, Kumar Kumar, Kundu Kundu, Kunutsor Kunutsor, Kurniasari Kurniasari, Kurpad Kurpad, Kurpas Kurpas, Kustanti Kustanti, Kusuma Kusuma, Kuttybayev Kuttybayev, Kwak Kwak, Kytö Kytö, L C L C, Lahariya Lahariya, Lai Lai, Lakanova Lakanova, Laksono Laksono, Larsson Larsson, Le Le, Le Le, Ledda Ledda, Lee Lee, Lee Lee, Lee Lee, Lee Lee, Lee Lee, Lee Lee, Leivaditis Leivaditis, Leone Leone, Leong Leong, Li Li, Li Li, Li Li, Li Li, Li Li, Li Li, Li Li, Li Li, Lian Lian, Lin Lin, Lindholm Lindholm, Linn Linn, Liu Liu, Liu Liu, Liu Liu, Liu Liu, Liu Liu, Llanaj Llanaj, Lodhi Lodhi, Lokunarangoda Lokunarangoda, LĂłpez-CortĂ©s LĂłpez-CortĂ©s, LĂłpez-Gil LĂłpez-Gil, Lu Lu, Lubinda Lubinda, Lucchetti Lucchetti, Ludhiadch Ludhiadch, Luo Luo, Lusk Lusk, Lv Lv, Lytvyak Lytvyak, Madadi Madadi, Madureira-Carvalho Madureira-Carvalho, Maffia Maffia, Mahalingam Mahalingam, Mahamed Mahamed, Mahmood Mahmood, Mahmoud Mahmoud, Majid Majid, Malik Malik, Malik Malik, Malik Malik, Malkamu Malkamu, Maniya Maniya, Mannan Mannan, Mannethodi Mannethodi, Mansourian Mansourian, Mantovani Mantovani, Manzoor Manzoor, Manzoor Manzoor, Maqbool Maqbool, Marateb Marateb, Marino Marino, März März, Marzo Marzo, Marzouk Marzouk, Masi Masi, Mathangasinghe Mathangasinghe, Mathur Mathur, Mavrovounis Mavrovounis, McPhail McPhail, Meftah Meftah, Mehari Mehari, Meto Meto, Melisa Melisa, Melwani Melwani, Memon Memon, Menezes Menezes, Mengistie Mengistie, Mensah Mensah, Meo Meo, Meo Meo, Mercogliano Mercogliano, Merlino Merlino, Mesfin Mesfin, Mestrovic Mestrovic, Mettananda Mettananda, Mettananda Mettananda, Metwally Metwally, Miao Miao, Miazgowski Miazgowski, Mikrajab Mikrajab, Minervini Minervini, Ming Ming, Khan Minhas Khan Minhas, Mirshahvalad Mirshahvalad, Mishra Mishra, Mitra Mitra, Mogessie Mogessie, Mohamed Mohamed, Mohamed Mohamed, Ahmed Ahmed, Siraj Siraj, Mohammad Mohammad, Mohammadzadeh Mohammadzadeh, Mohammed Mohammed, Mohammed Mohammed, Mohammed Mohammed, Mokdad Mokdad, Mondal Mondal, Montazerinamin Montazerinamin, Moradi Moradi, Morgan Morgan, Morovvati Morovvati, Morsy Morsy, Mosaddeghi-Heris Mosaddeghi-Heris, Mostafa Mostafa, Mousavi Mousavi, Mozafar Mozafar, Yousefi Yousefi, Mubarik Mubarik, Muche Muche, Mudenda Mudenda, Muhammad Muhammad, Mukhopadhyay Mukhopadhyay, Mulita Mulita, Munjal Munjal, Musa Musa, Mushtaq Mushtaq, Muthu Muthu, Muvunyi Muvunyi, Mwita Mwita, Myung Myung, Nabipoorashrafi Nabipoorashrafi, Nagarajan Nagarajan, Naik Naik, Nainu Nainu, Najmuldeen Najmuldeen, Nargus Nargus, Nascimento Nascimento, Nascimento Nascimento, Naser Naser, Nasiri Nasiri, Nasoufidou Nasoufidou, Nassar Nassar, Natto Natto, Nayak Nayak, Nekliudov Nekliudov, Nekouei Nekouei, Nepal Nepal, Nguyen Nguyen, Nguyen Nguyen, Niazi Niazi, Nikoobar Nikoobar, Nketia Nketia, Nkrumah-Boateng Nkrumah-Boateng, Noreen Noreen, Nosseir Nosseir, Noubiap Noubiap, Nri-Ezedi Nri-Ezedi, Ntsekhe Ntsekhe, Nugen Nugen, Nzoputam Nzoputam, Nzoputam Nzoputam, Oancea Oancea, Oduro Oduro, Ogbo Ogbo, Ogunrinde Ogunrinde, Ojedoyin Ojedoyin, Okeke Okeke, Okesanya Okesanya, Oladejo Oladejo, Olagunju Olagunju, Olalusi Olalusi, Moraes Oliveira Moraes Oliveira, Olorukooba Olorukooba, Olorunlana Olorunlana, Oluwole Oluwole, Omar Bali Omar Bali, Orscelik Orscelik, Ortiz Ortiz, Ostrominski Ostrominski, Osuagwu Osuagwu, Ouyahia Ouyahia, Owolabi Owolabi, Oyebanji Oyebanji, Oyelade Oyelade, Ozsahin Ozsahin, P A P A, Padron-Monedero Padron-Monedero, Padubidri Padubidri, Paija Paija, Palaniswamy Palaniswamy, Panda Panda, Pantazopoulos Pantazopoulos, Stoian Stoian, Papa Papa, Papadimopoulos Papadimopoulos, Pardhan Pardhan, Roudsari Roudsari, Parida Parida, Parve Parve, Pasovic Pasovic, Passera Passera, Patel Patel, Patel Patel, Patel Patel, Patel Patel, Patel Patel, Patel Patel, Patil Patil, Patoulias Patoulias, Pattnaik Pattnaik, Paudel Paudel, Pawar Pawar, Toroudi Toroudi, Peddireddy Peddireddy, Peprah Peprah, Osei Osei, Pereira Pereira, Perna Perna, Petcu Petcu, Petermann-Rocha Petermann-Rocha, Pham Pham, Philip Philip, Piracha Piracha, Pirera Pirera, Plotnikov Plotnikov, Porntaveetus Porntaveetus, Pourasghary Pourasghary, Pourghazi Pourghazi, Pruc Pruc, Pugliese Pugliese, Puvvula Puvvula, Qasim Qasim, Qi Qi, Qureshi Qureshi, Shahraki Shahraki, Rafiei Rafiei, Raghav Raghav, Raghav Raghav, Rahim Rahim, Rahimi Rahimi, Rahman Rahman, Rahman Rahman, Hifz Ur Rahman Hifz Ur Rahman, Rahman Rahman, Rahman Rahman, Rahman Rahman, Rahman Rahman, Rahmani Rahmani, Rahmati Rahmati, Raj Raj, Raja Raja, Raja Raja, Rajendran Rajendran, Rajendran Rajendran, Rajendran Rajendran, Rajizadeh Rajizadeh, Rajpoot Rajpoot, Ramadan Ramadan, Ramadhan Ramadhan, Ramasamy Ramasamy, Ramasamy Ramasamy, RamĂrez-VĂ©lez RamĂrez-VĂ©lez, Ramphul Ramphul, Rao Rao, Rathi Rathi, Rathish Rathish, Ravi Ravi, Rawal Rawal, Reddy Reddy, Redwan Redwan, Regassa Regassa, Rehman Rehman, Ur Rehman Ur Rehman, Ren Ren, Rezaei Rezaei, Rezaei Rezaei, Rezaeian Rezaeian, Ribeiro Ribeiro, Rizvi Rizvi, Buendia Rodriguez Buendia Rodriguez, Röhr Röhr, Roever Roever, Romadlon Romadlon, Rony Rony, Root Root, Ross Ross, Rotimi Rotimi, Rout Rout, Roy Roy, Roy Roy, Rwegerera Rwegerera, Saad Saad, Saad Saad, Saadeddin Saadeddin, Saber-Ayad Saber-Ayad, Saboor Saboor, Saddique Saddique, Sadeghi Sadeghi, Sadeghi Sadeghi, Sadek Sadek, Sadr Sadr, Saeb Saeb, Saeed Saeed, Saeed Saeed, Saghazadeh Saghazadeh, Saha Saha, Sahban Rafsanjani Sahban Rafsanjani, Saheb Sharif-Askari Saheb Sharif-Askari, Sahebkar Sahebkar, Sajadi Sajadi, Saki Saki, Sakshaug Sakshaug, Salami Salami, Saleem Saleem, Saleem Saleem, Saleh Saleh, Salehi Salehi, Salem Salem, Salihu Salihu, Samodra Samodra, Samuel Samuel, Samy Samy, Santos Santos, Sarate Sarate, Saravanan Saravanan, Sarmadi Sarmadi, Sarode Sarode, Sarveazad Sarveazad, Sassano Sassano, Satpathy Satpathy, Satyam Satyam, Saurabh Saurabh, Far Far, Khai Khai, Sayeed Sayeed, Schinckus Schinckus, Schlaich Schlaich, Schuermans Schuermans, Selvaraj Selvaraj, Selvaraj Selvaraj, Senthilkumaran Senthilkumaran, Sethi Sethi, Setiawan Setiawan, Alshohadaei Alshohadaei, Shabalin Shabalin, Shaban-Nejad Shaban-Nejad, Shabil Shabil, Shahab Shahab, Shaharudin Shaharudin, Shahid Shahid, Shahid Shahid, Shahid Shahid, Shahid Shahid, Shahini Shahini, Shahwan Shahwan, Shaikh Shaikh, Sham Sham, Shamim Shamim, Shams Shams, Shams-Beyranvand Shams-Beyranvand, Shamsutdinova Shamsutdinova, Shan Shan, Sharifan Sharifan, Rad Rad, Sharifianjazi Sharifianjazi, Sharma Sharma, Sharma Sharma, Sharma Sharma, Sharma Sharma, Sharma Sharma, Sharma Sharma, Shastry Shastry, Sheidaei Sheidaei, Shenoy Shenoy, Shetty Shetty, Shetty Shetty, Shetty Shetty, Shi Shi, Shimul Shimul, Shirali Shirali, Shittu Shittu, Shivarov Shivarov, Shoaib Shoaib, Shool Shool, Shorofi Shorofi, Shrestha Shrestha, Sidamo Sidamo, Siddig Siddig, Silva Silva, Singh Singh, Singh Singh, Singh Singh, Singh Singh, Singh Singh, Singh Singh, Singh Singh, Singh Singh, Singh Singh, Singh Singh, Sinha Sinha, Skryabin Skryabin, Sokhal Sokhal, Solanki Solanki, Sood Sood, Sood Sood, Soraneh Soraneh, Sorrentino Sorrentino, Spartalis Spartalis, Sriram Sriram, Srivastava Srivastava, Stachteas Stachteas, Starodubova Starodubova, Stubbs Stubbs, Su Su, Subasi Subasi, Subramaniyan Subramaniyan, Sullman Sullman, Sun Sun, Sundström Sundström, Swain Swain, Szarpak Szarpak, Tabaja Tabaja, Tabatabaei Tabatabaei, Tabche Tabche, Tabibi Tabibi, Tabor Tabor, Tagiisuran Tagiisuran, Taheri Taheri, Tajabadi Tajabadi, Tam Tam, Tan Tan, Tanashat Tanashat, Tazhiyeva Tazhiyeva, Tedla Tedla, Temedie-Asogwa Temedie-Asogwa, Temsah Temsah, Teramoto Teramoto, Thakar Thakar, Thangaraju Thangaraju, Thangavelu Thangavelu, Tharwat Tharwat, Thayakaran Thayakaran, Thomas Thomas, Thornton Thornton, Ticoalu Ticoalu, Tomo Tomo, Tonapa Tonapa, Touko Touko, Tovani-Palone Tovani-Palone, Tran Tran, Tran Tran, Tran Tran, Trico Trico, Triplett Triplett, Tristan Tristan, Truong Truong, Tse Tse, Tsegaye Tsegaye, Tully Tully, Ul Hassan Ul Hassan, Ullah Ullah, Ullah Ullah, Ullah Ullah, Ullah Ullah, Umair Umair, Umakanthan Umakanthan, Umapathi Umapathi, Umar Umar, Umar Umar, Unim Unim, Unnikrishnan Unnikrishnan, Upadhyay Upadhyay, Usman Usman, Uwishema Uwishema, Ozsahin Ozsahin, Uzunçibuk Uzunçibuk, Vaithinathan Vaithinathan, Valdez Valdez, Van den Eynde Van den Eynde, Varghese Varghese, Vasankari Vasankari, Verma Verma, Vinh Vinh, Vitiello Vitiello, Vlassov Vlassov, Vos Vos, Vu Vu, Wada Wada, Wang Wang, Wang Wang, Wang Wang, Ward Ward, Wasihun Wasihun, Wei Wei, Weintraub Weintraub, Wicaksana Wicaksana, Wickramasinghe Wickramasinghe, Wu Wu, Wubie Wubie, Xiao Xiao, Xiao Xiao, Xie Xie, Xu Xu, Yadegar Yadegar, Yahoo Yahoo, Yahya Yahya, Yamagishi Yamagishi, Yan Yan, Yang Yang, Yang Yang, Yano Yano, Yao Yao, Yassin Yassin, Yasufuku Yasufuku, Yaya Yaya, Yesuf Yesuf, Yewodiaw Yewodiaw, Yigit Yigit, Yin Yin, Yismaw Yismaw, Yon Yon, Yonemoto Yonemoto, Younis Younis, Yu Yu, Yu Yu, Yu Yu, Yunusa Yunusa, Yunusa Yunusa, Zafar Zafar, Zafarjafarzadeh Zafarjafarzadeh, Zaghampour Zaghampour, Zamora Zamora, Zare Zare, Zarea Zarea, Zargar Zargar, Zastrozhin Zastrozhin, Zawiah Zawiah, Zeariya Zeariya, Zeru Zeru, Zhang Zhang, Zhang Zhang, Zhang Zhang, Zhang Zhang, Zhang Zhang, Zhang Zhang, Zhanuzakov Zhanuzakov, Zhong Zhong, Zhou Zhou, Zhu Zhu, Zhumagaliuly Zhumagaliuly, Zia Zia, Zoghi Zoghi, Zoromba Zoromba, Zyoud Zyoud, Zyoud Zyoud, Murray Murray, Roth Roth
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