Incidence and Survival of IDH-Wildtype Glioblastoma and IDH-Mutant Astrocytoma by Treatment and Sex: A Regional Study in Spain (2011-2021).
The incidence and prognosis of high-grade gliomas differ according to histopathological and molecular features. The WHO 2021 CNS classification emphasized IDH status, but historical cohorts often lacked systematic molecular profiling.
We conducted a retrospective population-based study including adult patients diagnosed with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma or IDH-mutant astrocytoma in a Spanish tertiary center (2011-2021). Incidence trends and survival outcomes were analyzed according to treatment modality and sex.
A total of 1057 patients were included: 530 (50.1%) with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma and 137 (13%) with IDH-mutant astrocytoma. Incidence of both subtypes significantly increased during the study period (p < 0.01). Median overall survival (OS) was 12.3 months for IDH-wildtype glioblastoma and 38.4 months for IDH-mutant astrocytoma. Multimodal therapy (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) significantly improved OS and progression-free survival (PFS) in both subgroups (p < 0.001). Male sex was associated with longer OS in both tumor types (p < 0.05).
IDH-wildtype glioblastoma shows persistently poor outcomes despite increasing incidence, while IDH-mutant astrocytoma demonstrates better survival, particularly in male patients and those receiving multimodal therapy. These findings reflect real-world practice and provide epidemiological and survival data from Southern Europe to guide future clinical and public health strategies.
We conducted a retrospective population-based study including adult patients diagnosed with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma or IDH-mutant astrocytoma in a Spanish tertiary center (2011-2021). Incidence trends and survival outcomes were analyzed according to treatment modality and sex.
A total of 1057 patients were included: 530 (50.1%) with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma and 137 (13%) with IDH-mutant astrocytoma. Incidence of both subtypes significantly increased during the study period (p < 0.01). Median overall survival (OS) was 12.3 months for IDH-wildtype glioblastoma and 38.4 months for IDH-mutant astrocytoma. Multimodal therapy (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) significantly improved OS and progression-free survival (PFS) in both subgroups (p < 0.001). Male sex was associated with longer OS in both tumor types (p < 0.05).
IDH-wildtype glioblastoma shows persistently poor outcomes despite increasing incidence, while IDH-mutant astrocytoma demonstrates better survival, particularly in male patients and those receiving multimodal therapy. These findings reflect real-world practice and provide epidemiological and survival data from Southern Europe to guide future clinical and public health strategies.
Authors
Encarnación Encarnación, Manso Manso, Royo-Villanova Royo-Villanova, Ruiz Ruiz, De la Fuente De la Fuente, Cárdenas Cárdenas, Ros Ros, Alonso-Romero Alonso-Romero
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