Increased 24-h blood pressure and arterial stiffness in young adults with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: the Norwegian Atherosclerosis and Childhood Diabetes study.
Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have increased mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to general population, where hypertension is a major risk factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness in young adults with childhood-onset T1D compared to healthy control subjects.
The atherosclerosis and childhood diabetes (ACD) study is a prospective population-based cohort study, with follow-up every fifth year on early atherosclerosis development and other cardiovascular risk factors in childhood-onset T1D compared to healthy controls. At baseline the cohort was recruited among children with T1D in a defined health-region in Norway along with their friends as healthy control subjects. The original T1D cohort was found to be representative of all children with T1D in Norway at that time. At the 10-year follow-up a cross-sectional analysis of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM), including arterial stiffness, was performed, along with an assessment of other CVD risk factors.
One hundred and twenty-three participants were included in the analysis (T1D n = 82, controls n = 41). The T1D group had mean ± SD age of 24 ± 3 years, diabetes duration of 15 ± 4 years and present HbA1c of 64 ± 14 mmol/mol (8.0 ± 1.3%). None of the T1D participants had previously known hypertension or were on antihypertensive treatment. Females with T1D had significantly higher mean weight, BMI, waist circumference, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B than female controls. In females, almost all parameters of ABPM were significantly increased compared to their controls, whereas in males only nighttime blood pressure (BP) was significantly increased compared to controls. In the (stage 2) hypertensive group with T1D, LDL-c (3.1 ± 0.08; ρ = 0.038) was significantly increased. Arterial stiffness was significantly increased in the T1D group (24-h PWV was 8.0 ± 1.0 m/s vs. 7.2 ± 0.6 m/s; ρ = 0.011) compared to controls.
Young adults with childhood-onset T1D had significantly increased BP and arterial stiffness compared to controls, especially females.
The atherosclerosis and childhood diabetes (ACD) study is a prospective population-based cohort study, with follow-up every fifth year on early atherosclerosis development and other cardiovascular risk factors in childhood-onset T1D compared to healthy controls. At baseline the cohort was recruited among children with T1D in a defined health-region in Norway along with their friends as healthy control subjects. The original T1D cohort was found to be representative of all children with T1D in Norway at that time. At the 10-year follow-up a cross-sectional analysis of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM), including arterial stiffness, was performed, along with an assessment of other CVD risk factors.
One hundred and twenty-three participants were included in the analysis (T1D n = 82, controls n = 41). The T1D group had mean ± SD age of 24 ± 3 years, diabetes duration of 15 ± 4 years and present HbA1c of 64 ± 14 mmol/mol (8.0 ± 1.3%). None of the T1D participants had previously known hypertension or were on antihypertensive treatment. Females with T1D had significantly higher mean weight, BMI, waist circumference, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B than female controls. In females, almost all parameters of ABPM were significantly increased compared to their controls, whereas in males only nighttime blood pressure (BP) was significantly increased compared to controls. In the (stage 2) hypertensive group with T1D, LDL-c (3.1 ± 0.08; ρ = 0.038) was significantly increased. Arterial stiffness was significantly increased in the T1D group (24-h PWV was 8.0 ± 1.0 m/s vs. 7.2 ± 0.6 m/s; ρ = 0.011) compared to controls.
Young adults with childhood-onset T1D had significantly increased BP and arterial stiffness compared to controls, especially females.
Authors
Simeunovic Simeunovic, Brunborg Brunborg, Heier Heier, Berg Berg, Dahl-Jørgensen Dahl-Jørgensen, Margeirsdottir Margeirsdottir
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