Individual and joint effects of long-term ambient and indoor air pollution exposure on anxious and depressive symptoms risk in China.
This investigation sought to systematically evaluate the independent and synergistic effects of chronic exposure to atmospheric pollutants and household solid fuel consumption on the likelihood of depressive and anxiety-related symptoms.
Logistic regression models and the qg-computation model were performed to assess the individual and combined effects of ambient and indoor air pollution with depressive and anxious symptoms risk.
Long-term exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 and indoor solid fuel use for cooking and heating were all positively associated with a higher risk of anxious and depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). Besides, each 10 μg/m3 increment in NO2 was significantly associated with anxious symptoms risk (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.11). Both PM1 and PM2.5 contributed to anxious and depressive symptoms, with PM1 exerting a more pronounced effect. There were additive interaction effects of solid fuel use for heating with PM10 exposure on anxious (RERI = -0.96, 95% CI: -1.27, -0.65) and depressive symptoms (RERI = -0.43, 95% CI: -0.74, -0.13) risks, as well as solid fuel use for heating with NO2 exposure on anxious symptoms (RERI = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.75, -0.15) risk. Moreover, heating fuel altered the effects of PM2.5 and PM10 on the risk of anxious symptoms, as well as the effect of PM10 on the risk of depressive symptoms, while cooking fuel altered the effect of exposure to PM2.5 on the risk of depressive symptoms.
Our study emphasizes the importance of addressing indoor solid fuel use and strengthening air quality management to safeguard public mental health.
Logistic regression models and the qg-computation model were performed to assess the individual and combined effects of ambient and indoor air pollution with depressive and anxious symptoms risk.
Long-term exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 and indoor solid fuel use for cooking and heating were all positively associated with a higher risk of anxious and depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). Besides, each 10 μg/m3 increment in NO2 was significantly associated with anxious symptoms risk (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.11). Both PM1 and PM2.5 contributed to anxious and depressive symptoms, with PM1 exerting a more pronounced effect. There were additive interaction effects of solid fuel use for heating with PM10 exposure on anxious (RERI = -0.96, 95% CI: -1.27, -0.65) and depressive symptoms (RERI = -0.43, 95% CI: -0.74, -0.13) risks, as well as solid fuel use for heating with NO2 exposure on anxious symptoms (RERI = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.75, -0.15) risk. Moreover, heating fuel altered the effects of PM2.5 and PM10 on the risk of anxious symptoms, as well as the effect of PM10 on the risk of depressive symptoms, while cooking fuel altered the effect of exposure to PM2.5 on the risk of depressive symptoms.
Our study emphasizes the importance of addressing indoor solid fuel use and strengthening air quality management to safeguard public mental health.