[Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbital cavity: indications and diagnostic possibilities].
Today, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the diagnostic tool of choice for eye and orbital pathologies. In this article, the MR image characteristics of relevant pathologies are illustrated using case-based examples in the context of clinical findings.Vascular pathologies (such as capillary hemangioma and cavernous venous malformation), inflammatory diseases (such as endocrine orbitopathy), and neoplasms (such as lymphoma, uveal melanoma, retinoblastoma, and ocular/orbital metastasis) are described. Additionally, the role of MRI in acute clinical settings and trauma is discussed.The text explains technical aspects of MRI encompassing field strength and the utilization of receiver coils to optimize image quality and achieve high spatial resolution.Alongside common sequences (T1- and T2-weighted sequences) used in standard anatomic imaging (sAI), the article demonstrates the potential of "multiparametric" imaging techniques (diffusion-weighted imaging, DWI, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, DCE). These innovative MRI sequences depict functional tissue characteristics in addition to morphology alone and thus facilitate radiological assessment.