Maternal intake of vitamins A, C, D, and E during pregnancy and the risk of type 1 diabetes in the child: the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.
Dietary vitamins play a role in antioxidant defense and immunoregulation. However, prospective studies exploring the association between vitamin intakes during pregnancy and the child's risk of type 1 diabetes are limited.
This population-based prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between maternal intake of vitamins A, C, D, and E during pregnancy and the risk of type 1 diabetes in children.
We included 85,244 children born between 2002 and 2009 in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), with follow-up until December 31, 2021. Maternal intake of vitamins from food and dietary supplements from conception to 22nd week of pregnancy was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR), adjusting for background factors.
During follow-up, 529 (0.6%) children were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at a mean age of 9.4 (SD 4.1) years. No associations were observed between maternal pregnancy intake of vitamin A (HR 0.993; 95% CI 0.983-1.003 per 100 μg), vitamin C (HR 1.000; 95% CI 0.993-1.007 per 10 mg), vitamin D (HR 0.991; 95% CI 0.978-1.003 per 1 μg), or vitamin E (HR 0.999; 95% CI 0.996-1.004 per 10 mg) and the risk of type 1 diabetes in the child when adjusted for potential confounders. The results were similar when intakes were assessed separately from food and dietary supplement, and after restriction to children with HLA DQ2- and/or -DQ8 risk haplotypes.
This prospective cohort study did not support the hypothesis that higher maternal intake of vitamins A, C, D, and E during pregnancy would decrease the risk of type 1 diabetes in the child. Corroborated with previous evidence, our findings support a general pattern of null associations.
This population-based prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between maternal intake of vitamins A, C, D, and E during pregnancy and the risk of type 1 diabetes in children.
We included 85,244 children born between 2002 and 2009 in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), with follow-up until December 31, 2021. Maternal intake of vitamins from food and dietary supplements from conception to 22nd week of pregnancy was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR), adjusting for background factors.
During follow-up, 529 (0.6%) children were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at a mean age of 9.4 (SD 4.1) years. No associations were observed between maternal pregnancy intake of vitamin A (HR 0.993; 95% CI 0.983-1.003 per 100 μg), vitamin C (HR 1.000; 95% CI 0.993-1.007 per 10 mg), vitamin D (HR 0.991; 95% CI 0.978-1.003 per 1 μg), or vitamin E (HR 0.999; 95% CI 0.996-1.004 per 10 mg) and the risk of type 1 diabetes in the child when adjusted for potential confounders. The results were similar when intakes were assessed separately from food and dietary supplement, and after restriction to children with HLA DQ2- and/or -DQ8 risk haplotypes.
This prospective cohort study did not support the hypothesis that higher maternal intake of vitamins A, C, D, and E during pregnancy would decrease the risk of type 1 diabetes in the child. Corroborated with previous evidence, our findings support a general pattern of null associations.
Authors
Mattila Mattila, Tapia Tapia, Størdal Størdal, Brantsæter Brantsæter, Virtanen Virtanen, Lund-Blix Lund-Blix, Skrivarhaug Skrivarhaug, Hård Af Segerstad Hård Af Segerstad, Stene Stene, , Kristi Kristi, Sara Sara, Joseph Joseph, Tasha Tasha, Ondrej Ondrej, Eva Eva, Hans Hans, Klaus Klaus, Sarah Sarah, Astrid Astrid, Shiraz Shiraz, Jakob Jakob, Jonathan Jonathan, Jaroslav Jaroslav, Eliška Eliška, Daniel Daniel, Rainer Rainer, Leena Leena, Hannu Hannu, Panu Panu, Suvi M Suvi M, Alexander Alexander, Apostolia Apostolia, Korina Korina, Gabriele Gabriele, Wisnu Wisnu, Daniel Daniel, Andrén Andrén, Markus Markus, Boström Boström, Marja Marja, Aki Aki, Sara Sara, Lauri Lauri, Patricia-Daiana Patricia-Daiana, Loïc Loïc, Stefano Stefano, Peter Peter, Silvia Silvia, Silvia Silvia, Nicola Nicola, Hui Hui, Samantha Samantha, Bradley Bradley, Edith Edith, Yevhen Yevhen, Erika Erika, Anna Anna, Heikki Heikki, Nanna Nanna, Laura Laura, Kalle Kalle, Jutta Jutta, Olli Olli, Jussi Jussi, Jake Jake, Katri Katri, Maria Maria, Johannes Johannes, Jani Jani, Henna Henna, Noora Noora, Matti Matti, Sami Sami, Maarit Maarit, Tiina Tiina, Leena Leena, Niila Niila, Erika Erika, Miia Miia, Amirbabak Amirbabak, Minna Minna, Keijo Keijo, Mikael Mikael, Aleksandr Aleksandr, Kärt Kärt, Vallo Vallo, Elin Elin, Nicolai A Nicolai A, Maria Maria, Aino-Kaisa Aino-Kaisa, Lars Lars, Ketil Ketil, German German, Iida Iida, Martin Martin, Laura Laura, Tiia Tiia, Juho Juho, Nelli Nelli, Toni Toni, Riitta Riitta, Elena Elena, Francesco Francesco, Laura Laura, Guido Guido, Alar Alar, Kristi Kristi, Anu Anu, Anne Anne, Ivo Ivo, Astrid Astrid, Aili Aili, Raivo Raivo, Tamara Tamara, Iltana Iltana, Laura Laura, Karoliina Karoliina, Sini Sini, Jalmari Jalmari, Riitta Riitta, Johanna Johanna, Robert Robert, Omid Omid, Inna Inna, Tomi Tomi, Jorma Jorma, Ubaid Ubaid, Barannik Barannik, Jean Eudes Jean Eudes, Matthieu Matthieu, Tarja Tarja, Juha Juha, Juha Juha, Jukka Jukka, Jyri Jyri, Petri Petri, Peter Peter, Eija Eija
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