Metabolic syndrome and risk of kidney cancer in the United States.
Metabolic dysregulation may contribute to kidney cancer development through shared biological mechanisms and/or as an independent risk factor. However, evidence on this association in the US population remains limited.
This study identifies associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and kidney cancer risk in the United States.
This case-control study using administrative claims data from the MarketScan database (2007-2022) identified adult kidney cancer cases and 1:10 frequency-matched controls by age, index year, sex, insurance duration, and region. Metabolic exposures (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia) were assessed using diagnoses and prescriptions, with binary classification (MetS: ≥3 conditions; non-MetS: <3). Secondary analyses examined pre-MetS (1-2 conditions), metabolically healthy, dose-response relationships, combinations of conditions, and interaction between obesity and MetS. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
A total of 48,587 kidney cancer cases and 480,714 controls were included. MetS was associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer compared with non-MetS (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.39-1.47). MetS (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.77-1.88) and pre-MetS (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.44-1.50) were associated with a higher risk compared with metabolically healthy. Each additional condition was associated with a 22% increase in the odds (95% CI, 1.21-1.23). Multiple conditions had higher odds than a single condition. Metabolically healthy obesity (OR, 1.48) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (OR, 1.77) showed stronger associations than metabolically healthy nonobesity.
MetS was associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer, highlighting the importance of overall metabolic health in its prevention.
This study identifies associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and kidney cancer risk in the United States.
This case-control study using administrative claims data from the MarketScan database (2007-2022) identified adult kidney cancer cases and 1:10 frequency-matched controls by age, index year, sex, insurance duration, and region. Metabolic exposures (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia) were assessed using diagnoses and prescriptions, with binary classification (MetS: ≥3 conditions; non-MetS: <3). Secondary analyses examined pre-MetS (1-2 conditions), metabolically healthy, dose-response relationships, combinations of conditions, and interaction between obesity and MetS. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
A total of 48,587 kidney cancer cases and 480,714 controls were included. MetS was associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer compared with non-MetS (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.39-1.47). MetS (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.77-1.88) and pre-MetS (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.44-1.50) were associated with a higher risk compared with metabolically healthy. Each additional condition was associated with a 22% increase in the odds (95% CI, 1.21-1.23). Multiple conditions had higher odds than a single condition. Metabolically healthy obesity (OR, 1.48) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (OR, 1.77) showed stronger associations than metabolically healthy nonobesity.
MetS was associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer, highlighting the importance of overall metabolic health in its prevention.
Authors
Jung Jung, Wang Wang, Jeon Jeon, Graff Graff, Deng Deng, L'Espérance L'Espérance, Li Li, Langston Langston, Chung Chung
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