Multifaceted regulatory role of proline‑ and glutamine-rich splicing factor in tumors (Review).
Proline‑ and glutamine‑rich splicing factor (SFPQ) is an RNA‑binding protein that is predominantly localized in the nucleus and plays a multifaceted regulatory role in the process of gene expression. The functions of SFPQ include the promotion or inhibition of gene transcription, pre‑mRNA splicing, mRNA processing, transport and localization, and translation. The primary impact of SFPQ on cellular processes is the regulation of cell cycle progression and apoptosis. In addition, SFPQ represents an important element of paraspeckles, exerting a notable influence on gene expression within the nucleus. The expression of SFPQ is altered in tumors, promoting the development and drug resistance of tumors in various ways, notably altering the prognosis of patients. In the present review, the fundamental physiological functions of SFPQ and its particular effects on tumorigenesis and development are discussed.