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Hepatocellular carcinoma (hereinafter referred to as liver cancer) is the main indication for liver transplantation in China, but postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis severely restrict the efficacy of liver transplantation. There exist significant differences between the traditional liver cancer research models due to the long-term immunosuppressive state of transplant recipients and the complex mechanism of tumor recurrence and metastasis, posing enormous challenges to existing theoretical system. Therefore, it is crucial to innovate the scientific research pattern and liver transplantation clinical management model for liver cancer. Herein, the author's team has innovatively proposed a 'Tumor-Donor Liver-Recipient' integrated research horizon for liver transplantation in liver cancer based on prior clinical practice and scientific exploration, with the aim to expand new concepts in basic research, explore new strategies for precise clinical intervention, and establish a refined recipient management system. This paper systematically elaborates on the research general situation and cutting-edge perspectives under the "tumor-donor liver-recipient" so as to classify HCC liver transplantation patients, pre-transplant downstaging therapy, scientific evaluation and application of donor livers, innovations in transplant surgical techniques, and individualized postoperative management.