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To explore the intervention effect of preoperative visit nursing based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on the perception of preoperative anxiety and pain-related stress in patients with lung cancer (LC). This retrospective study included 110 LC patients who underwent surgery at our hospital from June 2022 to June 2024. Based on the preoperative nursing protocol received, patients were assigned to a control group (routine preoperative care, n = 55) or a study group (HBM-based preoperative visit nursing, n = 55). Primary outcomes were preoperative anxiety (Amsterdam Anxiety and Information Scale [APAIS]; higher scores indicate greater anxiety), pain sensitivity (Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire [PSQ]; higher scores indicate greater sensitivity), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]; higher scores indicate greater stress), and postoperative pain (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]; higher scores indicate greater pain). Secondary outcomes included preoperative physiological parameters (systolic/diastolic blood pressure, heart rate), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]; higher scores indicate poorer sleep), and postoperative complications.No significant baseline differences existed between groups (P > 0.05). Between-group comparisons used independent t-tests or chi-square tests; repeated-measures ANOVA was used for longitudinal data. After intervention, APAIS, PSQ, and PSS scores decreased in both groups, with significantly lower scores in the study group (P < 0.05). Except at 6 h postoperatively, VAS scores at 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h were significantly lower in the study group (P < 0.05). Preoperative physiological parameters increased less in the study group (P < 0.05); PSQI scores decreased more in the study group (P < 0.05). The study group had a lower postoperative complication rate (3.64% vs. 16.36%, P < 0.05). HBM-based preoperative visit nursing may alleviate preoperative anxiety, pain sensitivity, and stress perception, reduce postoperative pain and physiological stress, improve sleep quality, and lower postoperative complications in LC patients.