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Ischemic stroke is a condition characterized by the obstruction of blood flow to the brain, typically caused by a blood clot, leading to brain tissue damage and impaired neurological function. This study aims to use proteomic analysis to reveal the protein expression differences between different recovery results (meaningful recanalization [MFR] and futile recanalization [FTR]) in the recovery process of patients with ischemic stroke after thrombosis. We collected plasma samples from the healthy control (CON), MFR, and FTR groups, and used high-throughput data-independent collection (DIA) mass spectrometry for proteomic analysis. A total of 5,040 proteins were identified in the study, of which 775 were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The functional enrichment analysis revealed that these proteins are involved in lipid metabolism, amino acid synthesis, cell signaling regulation, and other pathways, especially between the FTR and MFR groups; the expression differences of specific proteins reflect biological differences in the recovery process. We identified 11 key DEPs, including Phospholipid Transfer Protein, Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase A, Alpha-Enolase 1, and Fatty Acid-Binding Protein, which may be potential biomarkers for predicting stroke recovery. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying recovery after ischemic stroke, particularly the molecular differences associated with distinct recovery outcomes, and identifies potential markers for personalized treatment and prognostic evaluation.