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IntroductionThis single-center retrospective study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of first-line rituximab-containing regimens in treatment-naïve patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in a resource-constrained setting.MethodsWe included 73 patients diagnosed with MCL between May 2019 and June 2024 who received rituximab-based chemotherapy (RB, RBAC, RDHAP, or RCHOP) at the Vietnam National Cancer Hospital. Clinical characteristics, treatment responses, survival outcomes, and prognostic factors were analyzed.ResultsThe median age was 60 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 2.17. Stage IV disease was present in 47.9% of patients and stage III in 38.4%. B symptoms were observed in 27.4%, and Ki-67 >30% in 45.2% of patients. The overall response rate (ORR) was 94.5%, including a complete response rate of 64.4%. The most common grade 3/4 adverse event was neutropenia (17.8%). The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 72.6% and 93.2%, respectively. Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (MIPI) risk classification, treatment response, and extranodal involvement were associated with PFS, whereas OS was primarily influenced by treatment response.ConclusionRituximab-based chemotherapy appears to provide favorable efficacy and manageable toxicity in Vietnamese patients with MCL. These findings suggest that such regimens may remain a feasible first-line option in settings with limited access to novel agents and advanced supportive care.