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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term respiratory condition with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Its pathophysiology is complex, and currently, there are no effective clinical treatments that can fully reverse or halt the disease's progression. Animal models play a significant role in elucidating the pathogenesis of COPD, dynamic pathological processes, and evaluating potential therapeutic strategies, serving as a key to advancing in-depth research on this disease. However, existing modeling methods still face many limitations in accurately simulating the clinical symptoms, pathophysiological features, and progression of human disease, and there is a lack of standardized guidelines and industry consensus. This paper systematically reviews methods for constructing COPD animal models reported in the literature by reviewing 5,071 relevant articles from CNKI, PubMed, and Wanfang Database published in the past decade. The main models include cigarette smoke exposure, protease-induced, genetically modified, harmful substance exposure, and various combined factor models. A comprehensive review and comparison of their construction principles, procedures, pathological features, advantages, and limitations are provided. This review aims to serve as a valuable reference for COPD researchers and clinicians in the construction of animal models of COPD.