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IgA nephropathy (IgAN), or Berger's disease, is a common primary glomerulonephritis that presents a variety of clinical manifestations. The most typical presentation consists of episodes of gross hematuria in young adults, often occurring concurrently with upper respiratory tract infections. However, it may also present microscopic hematuria, varying degrees of proteinuria, renal insufficiency, or hypertension of varying severity. The diagnosis is based on kidney biopsy, which reveals IgA mesangial deposits. This condition may be associated with other systemic diseases that should be investigated. The course is heterogeneous, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapidly progressive forms. Prognostic factors - both clinical and biological (hypertension, proteinuria, renal function) and histopathological (Oxford classification criteria) - help guide therapeutic management. The cornerstone of treatment remains nephroprotection. The indication for immunomodulatory therapies should be assessed on a case-by-case basis. Numerous studies are currently underway to evaluate the effectiveness of promising new treatments targeting the production of pathogenic IgA or their inflammatory consequences within the glomeruli.