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The efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions remains limited for many mental disorders, particularly in cases involving comorbidities and histories of childhood trauma. Traditional diagnosis-specific protocols often fail to address patients' underlying transdiagnostic mechanisms, which may hinder therapeutic success. Algorithm-Based Modular Psychotherapy (MoBa) is a personalized, mechanism-focused treatment model that integrates empirically supported therapeutic modules selected through a decision-making algorithm tailored to each patient. This article reviews the theoretical background of MoBa, key international findings, the structure of the modular approach, and its core transdiagnostic targets (e.g., rejection sensitivity, emotion dysregulation, impaired social cognition). Special emphasis is placed on the potential implementation of MoBa in the Hungarian mental health system, including clinical and institutional challenges. The authors provide practical recommendations for adapting MoBa in Hungary and outline directions for future research. Keywords: algorithm-based psychotherapy, MoBa, transdiagnostic approach, depression, personalized treatment, psychotherapy modules.