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Medicaid is the largest insurer for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and finances a disproportionate share of medication treatment for OUD (MOUD). Within Medicaid, initiation and continuity of MOUD are associated with improved outcomes, but substantial inequities across populations and care settings remain. The Medicaid Outcomes Distributed Research Network (MODRN) has supported Medicaid agency efforts to improve MOUD receipt and continuity of care. In the context of MODRN-Examining Quality Improvement for Medicaid Programs, the Behavioral Health Treatment Engagement and Retention Learning Collaborative (BHTER) will implement and evaluate interventions focused on improving quality and reducing variation in process and clinical outcomes in Medicaid patients with OUD. BHTER's aims are to (1) estimate the effects of a quality improvement intervention on receipt and continuity of MOUD in intervention practices relative to comparison practices, (2) examine whether a quality improvement intervention narrows racial gaps in rates and continuity of MOUD in intervention relative to comparison practices, (3) examine provider perspectives on the quality improvement intervention, with a focus on practice and process changes that resulted in improvement, and factors that impede or facilitate delivery of high-quality MOUD care. In this protocol paper, we describe the rationale, methods, and impact of BHTER.