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Objective: To explore the effects of occupational stress and job burnout on productivity loss among enterprise workers, and to provide evidence for workplace mental health intervention. Methods: From April to May 2024, five enterprises in a district of Shanghai were selected by stratified purposive sampling. A cross sectional survey was conducted to collect data on occupational stress, job burnout and productivity loss. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze influencing factors and the effects of occupational stress and job burnout on productivity loss. Results: A total of 1032 valid questionnaires were collected. The prevalence of occupational stress was 55.1% (569/1032). The prevalence of job burnout was 78.9% (814/1032), including 67.8% (700/1032) mild-to-moderate and 11.0% (114/1032) severe burnout. Productivity loss was reported by 60.9% (629/1032) of workers. Significant differences in productivity loss were observed across education level, enterprise types, and monthly income (all P<0.05). After adjusting for confounders, employees with occupational stress (OR=1.88, 95%CI: 1.43-2.48, P<0.001) and severe job burnout (OR=1.81, 95%CI: 1.01-3.25, P=0.046) were more likely to have productivity loss. Conclusion: The prevalence of occupational stress and job burnout is relatively high in this occupational population and is positively associated with productivity loss. Enterprises should pay attention to occupational stress and job burnout to promote employee well-being and reduce productivity loss.