The role of systemic inflammatory and prognostic índices in diabetic patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer receiving BCG therapy.
Systemic inflammatory and prognostic indices are emerging biomarkers in bladder cancer. Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic inflammatory disease, and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy may influence these indices in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
To evaluate the impact of DM and BCG therapy on inflammatory and prognostic indices in patients with NMIBC.
A retrospective study of 156 NMIBC patients was conducted. Patients were stratified by DM and BCG status (DM+/DM-; BCG+/BCG-), and into four subgroups (DM-/BCG-, DM+/BCG+, DM-/BCG+, DM+/BCG-). Laboratory and clinical parameters were compared using standard statistical tests (t-test, Chi-square, ANOVA). A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.
DM+ patients had significantly higher glucose (p = 0.001), HbA1c (p = 0.017), GKR (p = 0.014), and lower PNI (p = 0.014). Tumor recurrence was more common in DM+ (p = 0.021). In the BCG comparison, albumin (p = 0.002) and PNI (p = 0.009) differed. Four-group analysis showed significant differences in tumor grade, tumor recurrence, HbA1c, albumin, PNI, and MPR (all p < 0.05), especially between DM+/BCG+ and DM-/BCG+.
DM and BCG therapy are associated with systemic inflammatory and prognostic indices in NMIBC. GKR and PNI may serve as practical, cost-effective markers for recurrence risk stratification.
To evaluate the impact of DM and BCG therapy on inflammatory and prognostic indices in patients with NMIBC.
A retrospective study of 156 NMIBC patients was conducted. Patients were stratified by DM and BCG status (DM+/DM-; BCG+/BCG-), and into four subgroups (DM-/BCG-, DM+/BCG+, DM-/BCG+, DM+/BCG-). Laboratory and clinical parameters were compared using standard statistical tests (t-test, Chi-square, ANOVA). A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.
DM+ patients had significantly higher glucose (p = 0.001), HbA1c (p = 0.017), GKR (p = 0.014), and lower PNI (p = 0.014). Tumor recurrence was more common in DM+ (p = 0.021). In the BCG comparison, albumin (p = 0.002) and PNI (p = 0.009) differed. Four-group analysis showed significant differences in tumor grade, tumor recurrence, HbA1c, albumin, PNI, and MPR (all p < 0.05), especially between DM+/BCG+ and DM-/BCG+.
DM and BCG therapy are associated with systemic inflammatory and prognostic indices in NMIBC. GKR and PNI may serve as practical, cost-effective markers for recurrence risk stratification.