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This article aims to analyze the occurrence of work-related mental disorders (WRMD) among healthcare workers, discussing their implications for health workforce management, with a focus on policy development, workforce recognition, and the assurance of adequate working conditions. This descriptive ecological study examined the occurrence and distribution of WRMD between 2015 and 2023, using data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System and the National Registry of Health Establishments. A total of 22,110 cases of work-related mental disorders were identified, of which 3,504 (15.8%) occurred among health workers, with a predominance of women (87.5%). The prevalence increased from 3.5 per 100,000 workers in 2015 to 13.3 in 2023, mainly in the Northeast and Midwest regions. The most affected categories were public health agents, nurses, community health workers and nursing assistants and technicians. The increase in cases demands workforce policies and actions aimed at professional appreciation, prevention, and comprehensive mental health care within the Unified Health System.