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This study evaluated a culturally adapted Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention, enhanced with Virtual Reality (VR) and Confucian values, for psychological distress in Chinese financial employees. In a randomized controlled trial, 82 financial employees were assigned to either the culturally adapted ACT intervention or a standard internet-based ACT control group. Assessments of distress (DASS-21), work/social adjustment (WSAS), and psychological flexibility (AAQ-II) were conducted at baseline, post-intervention (10 weeks), and 8-week follow-up. Both groups reported significant improvements on all measures. However, the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater and more sustained positive effects over time. Specifically, these effects included greater reductions in overall psychological distress (DASS-21), stress, and work/social adjustment impairment (WSAS), as well as greater improvements in psychological flexibility (AAQ-II) at the 8-week follow-up. This integration of familiar cultural values and immersive VR technology suggests a method for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and longevity of ACT for specific, high-stress populations. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, https://www.chictr.org.cn,ChiCTR2400092105.