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Compared with lung cancer (excluding lung adenocarcinoma), where a decreased incidence has been reported in Sweden following a decline in the prevalence of daily smokers, we observed an increased incidence of bladder cancer, especially in older men. Given that approximately half of the individuals diagnosed with either malignancy are current or former smokers, the reasons for this paradoxical shift in incidences between the diseases remain unclear. However, it is noteworthy that bladder cancer mortality did not rise in parallel with the increased incidence, and even decreased among men.