To examine the effect of excess body weight on adherence and lesion detection in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening.

A cross-sectional analysis was conducted within an opportunistic CRC screening program in Chongqing, which enrolled 43,797 adults aged 35-74 years between 2021 and 2022. A total of 42,279 participants were included in the final analysis, of whom 19,462 (46.0%) had excess body weight (BMI > 24.0 kg/m ²). Colonoscopy adherence and detection were compared between normal and excess body weight group, and associated factors were examined.

Of the 7,002 participants recommended for colonoscopy, 3,808 (54.4%) had excess body weight. Adherence was significantly lower in the excess weight group (6.6%) than in the normal weight group (10.7%, P < 0.001), and this trend was consistent across sex and age groups. The detection rates of advanced neoplasms (3.6% vs. 1.8%) and non-advanced adenomas (10.7% vs. 6.7%) were higher in the excess weight cohort, with a significant difference for any neoplasm (14.2% vs. 8.9%, P < 0.05). Differences in adherence- and detection-related factors were also observed between the groups.

Excess body weight was associated with lower colonoscopy adherence but higher neoplasm detection. These findings support the integration of weight management with targeted screening promotion to improve CRC prevention in this high-risk population.

To explore the health determinants of all-cancer mortality from a health-ecological perspective.

Using the health-ecological model, we identified 15 health determinants across five domains: personal innate, behavioral, interpersonal network, socioeconomic, and macroenvironmental characteristics. Data on cancer outcomes and health determinants from 185 countries, classified using the Human Development Index (HDI), were extracted from GLOBOCAN 2022, the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory, the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, the United Nations, and the World Bank. A multivariate linear regression model was used to estimate the association between health determinants and cancer outcomes.

A total of 153 countries with complete information on cancer outcomes and health determinants were enrolled in the study. A higher all-cancer age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was associated with current tobacco use, alcohol consumption, obesity, agricultural employment, and lag-distributed income. In women aged 15-49 years, being married or in a union was associated with a lower ASMR. Early-onset ASMR was positively associated with agricultural employment, lag-distributed income, and unsafe sanitation. Notable sex differences were observed, although tobacco use and obesity were identified as risk factors in both sexes.

We underscore the crucial need to incorporate cross-sectoral interventions within a resilient healthcare system to effectively mitigate the cancer mortality burden.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and a dominant cause of cancer mortality among women worldwide. Alongside established risk factors, recent studies highlight oncoviruses like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) as potential contributors. However, their role and association with BC development is still debatable.

This systematic review and meta-analysis involved two distinct approaches: one assessing the worldwide prevalence of EBV and HPV coinfection in BC patients and another investigating the association between such coinfection and BC risk. A systematic search across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted up to 5 May 2025. Studies using PCR to detect both viruses in breast tissue samples were included. Random-effects models were used to estimate pooled prevalence and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

Out of 307 non-duplicate records, 16 studies were found to be eligible for quantitative analysis. The pooled prevalence of EBV/HPV coinfection among BC patients was 14% (95% CI: 12-16%; I² = 91.0%). Prevalence varied by region, ranging from 6% in South America to 22% in the Middle East. In addition, a general trend towards increasing EBV/HPV coinfection prevalence among women with BC over time was detected. Moreover, analyzing case-control studies to investigate the relationship between EBV/HPV coinfection and the risk of BC, the pooled odds ratio was 5.87 (95% CI: 2.31-14.93; I² = 0%, p = 0.91).

Our analysis shows that EBV and HPV coinfection prevalence varies by region and appears to be rising over time among women with breast cancer. Additionally, the strong statistical association between coinfection and breast cancer risk suggests a potential role for these oncoviruses in disease development, highlighting the possible preventive value of EBV and HPV vaccination.

A computational approach for early breast cancer detection using Dynamic Infrared Thermography (DIT) was developed. Thermograms are represented by multivariate time series extracted from thermal hotspots in the breast, capturing five features: maximum and mean temperature, spatial heterogeneity, heat flux, and tumor depth, over 20 thermograms. Features are estimated based on the inverse solution of the Pennes bio-heat equation. Classification is performed using a Time Series Forest (TSF) and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network. The TSF achieved an accuracy of 86%, while the LSTM reached 94% accuracy. These results indicate that dynamic thermal responses under cold-stress conditions reflect tumor angiogenesis and metabolic activity, demonstrating the potential of combining multivariate thermographic sequences, biophysical modeling, and machine learning for non-invasive breast cancer screening.

An electrochemical immunosensor was fabricated to identify CA15-3, a biomarker for breast cancer (BC). A composite sensor substrate made of "zeolitic imidazolate framework-8" (ZIF-8) and "reduced graphene oxide" (rGO) was chosen and its conductivity was further improved by the addition of chitosan (CS)-doped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The CS@AuNPs are able to conjugate with antibodies via the strong Au-S interaction, which offers multiple active sites for antibody immobilization and enhances the sensor performance. This immunosensor is capable of ultrasensitive detection of CA15-3 by specific antigen-antibody -interactions. In healthy people, normal serum CA15-3 is up to 25 U/mL. Under optimized experimental conditions, the alteration in the signal intensity measured by the sensor was related to the CA15-3 activity. The quantitative relationship was linear over 0.001-400 U/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0031 U/mL at a "signal-to-noise ratio" (S/N) of 3 and a "correlation coefficient" (r²) of 0.9983. The developed immunosensor showed great accuracy, stability, and selectivity, and was able to detect CA15-3 in human serum samples. These results validate its potential as a reliable analytical platform for BC diagnosis and early clinical screening.

Patients with hematologic malignancies are highly vulnerable to Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections (GNB-BSIs) due to underlying disease-related immunosuppression, intensive chemotherapy, and repeated invasive interventions, rendering these infections a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological features of GNB-BSIs in hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies, and to compare clinical and microbiological factors between survivors and non-survivors.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary university hospital hematology ward in Türkiye, including adult patients diagnosed with BSIs due to Gram-negative bacteria between January 2005 and December 2024. Demographic characteristics, microbiological profiles, antimicrobial resistance rates, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. We compared survivors and non-survivors to determine differences in clinical and microbiological characteristics.

A total of 321 patients with hematologic malignancies experienced 441 episodes of GNB-BSIs. The median age was 46 years, and 59% of them were male. The most frequently isolated pathogen was Escherichia coli (53.3%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (20.6%) and Pseudomonas spp. (7.5%). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing/third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (ESBL/3GCR) and carbapenem-resistant isolates were observed in 21.1% and 13.3% of isolates, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 26.5%. ICU admission, multidrug resistance, and persistent bacteremia were observed more often among non-survivors. Additionally, prolonged fever duration (median 8 vs. 3 days, p < 0.0001), elevated CRP (p = 0.001), and higher procalcitonin levels (p = 0.046) were detected in non-survivors.

In patients with hematologic malignancies, E. coli and Klebsiella spp. remain the predominant pathogens causing bloodstream infections, while persistent bacteremia, ESBL/3GCR, and carbapenem resistance are associated with higher mortality. Notably, carbapenem resistance showed a temporal increase over the study period, underscoring the need for continuous surveillance and timely adaptation of empirical treatment strategies.

Serum Glypican-3 (GPC3) levels in HCC patients are significantly higher than those in healthy individuals or patients with non-malignant liver diseases, making it a diagnostic marker for HCC. However, its diagnostic capability remains controversial due to its low sensitivity. The common marker AFP has limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity, particularly in early-stage HCC. We sought to combine GPC3 detection with multi-biomarker panels to enhance sensitivity and specificity in early-stage HBV-, HCV-, and ALD-related liver cancer diagnosis. We applied receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, which is used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of different biomarker tests, to develop comprehensive multi-biomarker panels that include GPC3, along with other biomarkers such as gender, age, AFP, AFP-L3%, and DCP, for assessment in the selected patients. We also applied univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to generate a specific diagnostic model for early HBV-induced HCC detection. We found that GPC3 levels in serum were significantly higher in HCC patients compared to CLD patients. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis on the relevant indicators of early HCC to establish a new GDATA model for diagnosing early HCC. The new model included five indicators of early HCC: GPC3, DCP, AFP-L3%, TBIL and age. The diagnostic efficacy was better than that of GPC3, AFP, DCP and AFP-L3 alone. The diagnostic accuracy of the GDATA model for early HCC was significantly higher than that of the GALAD model or single indicators alone. The GDATA model thus provides a new promising diagnostic strategy for early HCC detection.

Background: Socioeconomic disparities may drive cancer inequities in Hispanic/Latino populations. We examined associations of perceived access to healthy foods (AHF) and food insecurity (FI) with diet and body mass index (BMI) changes in Latina breast cancer (BC) survivors. Methods: Latina BC survivors in a 12-month intervention trial aiming to increase fruit/vegetable intake and physical activity were analyzed. AHF was from a modified, validated neighborhood environment scale and dichotomized (low-medium vs. high). FI was defined as eating less and/or going hungry due to a lack of money. AHF and FI surveys were self-reported. Outcomes included dietary intake, diet quality, and BMI. Fruit/vegetable intake was log-transformed. Relationships between AHF and FI and changes in diet and BMI were evaluated using generalized estimating equations. Results: Of women with AHF data (n = 86), 58% reported low-medium access and 42% reported high access. Fruit/vegetable (FV) intake declined overall from baseline to 12 months, with greater reductions among low-medium AHF women (-32%, 95% CI: -51%, -7%) compared with high AHF women (-17%, 95% CI: -40%, +13%). Statistically significant 12-month decreases in total calories, carbohydrates, sugars, and fat occurred in low-medium AHF women but not high AHF women, and changes in total energy density, carbohydrates, sugars, and BMI at 12 months were statistically significantly different between women with low-medium AHF and women with high AHF, p ≤ 0.05. Among 157 women, 23% reported FI. Reductions in fruit/vegetable intake were larger in women with FI (-39%, 95% CI: -57%, -14%) than in women without FI (-10% reductions, 95% CI: -25%, +8%) and between-group differences were significant at both 6 and 12 months, p ≤ 0.05. Most diet measures decreased for both FI and non-FI women, with greater decreases among those with FI. Conclusions: Latina BC survivors with FI or perceived limited AHF experienced greater declines in indicators of healthy diets including FV intake. Future interventions should integrate strategies to measure AHF and FI to address disparate access to healthy food options.

Malnutrition in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers can be the result of functional and/or anatomical changes in the alimentary tract, secondary to malignancy or oncologic therapies. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of malnutrition in these patients is imperative in providing appropriate interventions that can not only improve quality of life for these individuals, but also improve their tolerance of oncologic treatment and progression towards remission or cure. In this narrative review, we address common nutritional deficiencies associated with GI malignancies, including pancreatic, biliary, and hepatic cancers. Furthermore, we address common issues related to these deficiencies and causes of nutrition barriers as they relate to organ malfunction or surgical alterations of anatomy. Recommendations for counseling, dietary modifications, nutritional supplements, and pharmacologic interventions are provided based on individual barriers and the vital role of multidisciplinary care is highlighted. Additionally, we highlight novel techniques, such as the role of psychosocial care, prehabilitation, digital health, and machine learning, which can improve nutritional outcomes, provide patient-directed care, and improve risk stratification for this complex and multifaceted issue that faces patients diagnosed with GI cancers.

Background: Sleep disturbance (SD) is very common in breast cancer (BC) patients, resulting in poor therapeutic efficacy and prognosis. Diet may be associated with SD through systemic inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) and SD, as well as the potential mediating role of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with BC. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 302 BC patients were recruited, from whom 103 blood samples were obtained for the determination of plasma inflammatory biomarkers. Dietary intake was evaluated using 3-day, 24 h dietary recalls, while SD was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: SD was observed in 91 (30.13%) patients, who exhibited significantly higher E-DII scores, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels compared to non-SD participants (p < 0.05). After adjusting for covariates, for every 1-point elevation in E-DII, the risk of SD increased by 23.0% (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.44; p = 0.014). Among the E-DII components, only vitamin C showed an inverse correlation with SD (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.00; p = 0.015). Mediation analysis showed that IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP statistically mediated the association between E-DII and SD (all p < 0.05). The sensitivity parameters ρ were 0.3, 0.5, 0.4, 0.4, and 0.4, respectively. Conclusions: A diet with pro-inflammatory potential was correlated with SD among BC patients, which might be mediated by circulating IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP.