Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The current tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging systems exhibit limited prognostic accuracy because they do not account for host inflammatory responses. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel prognostic nomogram integrating clinicopathological features with systemic inflammatory biomarkers to improve survival prediction in patients with CRC after radical resection. In this retrospective cohort study, clinical data from 324 CRC patients undergoing surgery (January 2010-March 2020) were analyzed. Preoperative hematological indices (including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio, derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, mean corpuscular volume/lymphocytes, Systemic Inflammation Response Index, Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index, Prognostic Nutritional Index, Cumulative Inflammatory Index, Prognostic Immune and Nutritional Index, hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet) and clinicopathological variables were assessed. Variable selection was conducted using univariate Cox analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (Lambda.1se), and multivariate Cox analysis. The final model was constructed as a nomogram and validated for 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival predictions using receiver operating characteristic analysis, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. Multivariate analysis identified 4 independent prognostic factors: N stage (N1: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51-4.89, P < .001; N2: HR = 5.26, 95% CI: 2.60-10.67, P < .001), vascular invasion (HR = 6.02, 95% CI: 3.79-9.58, P < .001), perineural invasion (HR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.29-3.16, P = .002), and SIRI ≥ 2.39 (HR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.33-3.09, P < .001). The nomogram demonstrated significantly superior prognostic accuracy compared with conventional TNM staging, with excellent calibration in both the training and validation cohorts. Decision curve analysis confirmed the significant net clinical benefits of the nomogram. Risk stratification revealed significantly divergent survival rates between the high- and low-risk groups (P < .001). This inflammatory-clinicopathological nomogram improves prognostic accuracy over TNM staging, enabling personalized risk assessment. SIRI integration highlights systemic inflammation's critical role.

Seroma, a common post-mastectomy complication linked to surgical inflammation, may be mitigated by anti-inflammatory agents such as methylprednisolone.

This meta-analysis evaluates methylprednisolone's efficacy and safety in preventing seroma. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and other Chinese databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (from inception to March 2025) involving methylprednisolone use post-mastectomy. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed bias using ROB 2.0 and GRADE. Outcomes included seroma incidence, drainage metrics, wound complications, and seroma grading. Data were analyzed via Review Manager and Trial Sequential Analysis.

The analysis included 7 randomized controlled trials with 589 patients, among whom 294 were administered methylprednisolone. The study found that the incidence of seroma (risk ratios = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54-0.98, P = .04), total drainage volume (mean difference  = -184.19, 95% CI: -215.30 to -153.09, P < .00001), and duration of drainage (mean difference  = -3.37, 95% CI: -3.98, to -2.75, P < .00001) were significantly lower in the methylprednisolone group compared to the control group. Remarkably, this effect didn't extend to the incidence of wound complications (risk ratios = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.50-1.73, P = .82), nor did it influence seroma grading. The Trial Sequential Analysis results indicated that the evidence was sufficient and conclusive regarding the incidence of seroma, total drainage volume, and duration of drainage.

Methylprednisolone may reduce the risk of seroma formation in patients undergoing mastectomy, along with reducing the total volume and duration of drainage. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the impact of methylprednisolone on postoperative wound complications and seroma grading.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in women. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment has had a positive effect on PCOS, and it is simple, convenient, and inexpensive. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of different external treatments in the treatment of PCOS using a network meta-analysis method.

The databases examined comprised Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and the China Biomedical Literature Database. Since the establishment of the database, randomized controlled trials related to TCM external treatment for PCOS have been screened. The literature was derived from follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/FSH ratios, body mass index, and testosterone, with detrimental impacts identified as the primary outcomes of the screening process. Odds ratio values with 95% confidence intervals and standardized mean difference values were used as performance measures to compare the effects of different interventions and rank them. The above data were statistically analyzed using STATA 17.0 software.

Electroacupuncture has the highest cumulative probability of increasing FSH levels (surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA]: 86%) and is considered the best intervention to improve FSH in patients with PCOS. Regulating the conception-governor vessel had the highest cumulative probability of reducing LH levels (SUCRA: 76.6%), making it the best choice for improving LH in PCOS patients. Abdominal acupuncture has the highest cumulative probability (SUCRA: 58.6%) and is therefore the best intervention to improve LH/FSH in patients with PCOS. It also showed the best intervention effect with the highest cumulative probability of reducing testosterone levels (SUCRA: 98.2%). Acupuncture + medication had the highest cumulative probability of reducing body mass index (SUCRA: 98.2%) and was considered the most effective intervention. At the same time, abdominal acupuncture had the highest cumulative probability of adverse effects (SUCRA: 58.6%), indicating that it may be associated with adverse events.

Different TCM external treatments benefit various PCOS-related indicators. Electroacupuncture, regulating conception-governor vessel, abdominal acupuncture, and acupuncture combined with drugs each excel in specific outcomes. However, abdominal acupuncture may carry a higher risk of adverse events.

This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for postoperative recurrence in patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). A total of 207 FTC patients treated at our institution between January 2021 and December 2023 were retrospectively enrolled and stratified into recurrence (n = 27) and non-recurrence (n = 180) groups based on postoperative outcomes. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression were employed to identify prognostic factors, while intervariable relationships were assessed using Pearson/Spearman correlation tests. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of identified factors for FTC recurrence. No significant differences were observed between groups in age, sex, body mass index, extrathyroidal extension, T-stage, hemoglobin, albumin, total protein, or white blood cell count (P > .05). However, tumor size, M-stage, and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) showed significant disparities (P < .05). Binary logistic regression identified SII and M-stage as independent risk factors for recurrence (P < .05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.842 for SII (standard error: 0.039; 95% confidence interval: 0.765-0.919), with a Youden index of 0.51, yielding 66.67% sensitivity and 83.87% specificity. Using the optimal SII cutoff (148.32), patients were subdivided into SII ≤ 148.32 (n = 160) and SII > 148.32 (n = 47) cohorts, with the latter exhibiting significantly higher recurrence rates. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression confirmed SII as an independent predictor of poor prognosis (hazard ratio: 1.016; 95% confidence interval: 1.010-1.022; P < .001). Elevated SII is a clinically significant risk factor for FTC recurrence, warranting early intervention to mitigate recurrence risk.

The spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS) provides a standardized assessment of spinal stability in patients with metastatic spine disease. Although intended to assist clinical decision-making, the relationships between SINS and patient-centered measures, such as pain intensity, functional status, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), remain undefined.

This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases using keywords related to SINS and spinal metastases. Studies assessing the relationships between SINS and pain intensity scores, functional status, and HRQoL were included. Data on study characteristics, type of interventions, and patient-centered measures were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A meta-analysis was not feasible due to significant treatment, outcome, and population heterogeneity.

Thirteen studies (n = 1823; mean age 63.0 ± 12.5 years) were included. Five of six studies reported a significant association between higher baseline SINS scores and pain intensity, most commonly using the Visual Analog Scale and Numeric Rating, while 1 of 2 studies identified a predictive value of SINS for posttreatment pain. Nine studies evaluated peri-interventional functional status using 6 different tools; significant correlations with baseline SINS were identified for MD Anderson Symptom Inventory and Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire 2.0, while no relationships were identified for the Barthel Index, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, or Frankel scale. Further, stable postradiotherapy SINS was associated a higher baseline Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS). Three studies assessed HRQoL using either the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30, the 36-Item Short Form Survey, or the EuroQol Five-Dimension Scale; 2 of these studies reported that higher SINS values were associated with lower baseline physical functioning. Of 13 studies, 12 were of moderate methodological quality.

SINS demonstrated correlations with peri-interventional pain intensity, functional status, and HRQoL. Pretreatment correlations were generally more consistent. However, in radiotherapy-treated cohorts, stable posttreatment SINS was associated with higher baseline KPS, suggesting a potential predictive relationship between these measures.

Active surveillance (AS) is an established strategy for managing low-risk prostate cancer (LRPCa), aiming to reduce overtreatment while maintaining oncological safety. This retrospective cohort study included 102 patients diagnosed with LRPCa between 2015 and 2025, managed with serial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, digital rectal examination, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), and confirmatory biopsies. Transition criteria included Gleason score upgrading, PSA progression, lesion progression on mpMRI, or patient preference. The median follow-up was 16 months (range: 6-123), while the estimated median surveillance duration was 36 months (95% confidence interval: 30-42). Retention rates at 2 and 5 years were 72% and 50%, respectively. A total of 35.3% (36/102) of patients discontinued AS, most frequently due to patient preference (61.1%), followed by PSA progression (25.0%) and histopathological upgrading (13.9%). Only 25.5% (26/102) of patients underwent confirmatory biopsy during follow-up, reflecting suboptimal adherence that may have contributed to an underestimation of true pathological progression. Multivariate analysis revealed that higher final PSA levels (odds ratio [OR]: 1.559, P = .001), abnormal digital rectal examination findings (OR: 11.079, P < .001), and Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System 4 to 5 lesions on mpMRI (OR: 5.482, P < .001) were independently associated with transition to definitive treatment. These findings suggest that AS remains a feasible and effective management strategy for LRPCa, though confirmatory biopsies and structured psychological support are essential to optimize adherence and prevent overtreatment. Future studies should investigate the integration of biomarkers and AI-assisted imaging in refining AS protocols.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Hypertension (HTN) is the primary cause of death worldwide and a significant risk factor for malignancies, leading to the new concept of "Onco-Hypertension." Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) are among the first-line drugs for the treatment of HTN, and in recent years, concerns have been raised about their potential carcinogenic substances. This research intended to determine the association of HTN and ARBs with the chance of developing a clinicopathological profile of CRC. This multicenter retrospective observational study comprised 800 controls without CRC and 650 patients with CRC from 2019 to 2023. Key demographic and clinicopathological data were collected. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios (OR) were computed to examine the impact of HTN and ARBs on the clinicopathological features and chance of developing colorectal cancer. HTN and the chance of developing CRC were initially shown to be positively significant (OR = 1.28, confidence interval = 1.02, 1.61). After adjusting for confounding variables, the OR was no longer statistically significant. An elevated chance of developing CRC was in patients with HTN who used ARB (OR = 2.65, confidence interval = 1.47, 4.79). Among the clinicopathological features of the tumor, stage (P value < .001) and metastasis (P value = .002) have a significant association with HTN. The findings of this study did not reveal a significant association between HTN and the chance of developing CRC. However, a positive association was observed between HTN and metastasis and stage. Results identify a possible signal of an increased chance of developing CRC linked to ARBs. However, further observational and analytical studies are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and confirm these findings.

This study evaluates the efficacy of computed tomography derived extracellular volume (ECV) fraction in differentiating focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) from hepatocellular adenoma (HCA). Forty-eight pathologically proven lesions (21 HCA and 27 FNH) in 41 patients (18 with HCA and 23 with FNH) were retrospectively examined in this single-center study conducted between March 2015 and September 2023. The ECV fraction was calculated from unenhanced and equilibrium phase computed tomography images. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the best discrimination between FNH and HCA. The study population consisted of patients diagnosed with HCA (16.7% male, mean age 34.2 ± 10.3 years) and FNH (26.1% male, mean age 41.6 ± 9 years). The ECV fraction of the FNH group was significantly higher than that of the HCA group (37.7%±8.8% vs 26.7% [interquartile range: 22.5%-31%], P = .001). The optimal cutoff value for the ECV fraction in differentiating FNH from HCA was determined to be 32.25%, with 76.5% sensitivity and 78.9% specificity (area under the curve, 0.824; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.675-0.972, P = .001). The interobserver reliability of ECV fraction measurement was excellent for both HCA (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.884; 95% CI: 0.724-0.953, P = .001) and FNH (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.915; 95% CI: 0.764-0.969, P < .001). ECV fraction demonstrated high performance and efficacy as a potential diagnostic tool for differentiating FNH from HCA.

Thyroid cancer (TC) ranks ninth in global incidence and is the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide. Despite their large populations and relatively low proportion of high-income countries, East and Southeast Asia face significant challenges posed by TC. This study aims to evaluate long-term trends and regional differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of thyroid cancer among women in non-high-income East and Southeast Asia from 1990 to 2021 and examine associations with sociodemographic index (SDI) and high body mass index. Data were obtained from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease database. The burden of TC was stratified by etiology, age, sex, SDI, and geographic region. The average annual percentage change in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs was calculated. This study used publicly available data from the Global Burden of Disease database. Ethical approval and informed consent were not required because the data are de-identified and publicly accessible, and no individual patient information was used. Across East and Southeast Asia, the incidence, prevalence, deaths, and DALYs of female TC steadily increased, while most countries and territories exhibited decreasing trends in age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate. In non-high-income areas, incidence and prevalence were positively correlated with SDI, whereas mortality and DALY rates were negatively correlated with SDI. DALY rates and mortality attributable to high body mass index were slightly more pronounced among women. The burden of female TC varies by etiology, region, and SDI level. Interventions focused on improving early diagnosis, enhancing healthcare accessibility, and implementing targeted management strategies are critical, especially in low-SDI settings. Addressing obesity is an urgent priority. Standardized diagnostic criteria and strengthened global collaboration are necessary to reduce the TC burden among women in East and Southeast Asia.

Lung cancer (LC) is among the most prevalent cancers and is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Smoking behavior is the primary etiological factor for LC; however, the potential causal relationship with other risk factors, such as iron status, remains unclear. Currently, there is a significant lack of research investigating the potential causal link between iron homeostasis and LC development. This study employs a 2-sample Mendelian randomization approach to explore the causal relationship between these 2 entities. Data on small cell LC (SCLC) and non-small cell LC (NSCLC) were obtained from the FinnGen R11 database, while data on iron homeostasis, encompassing 4 indicators (ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and transferrin saturation) were sourced from the Decode Genetic Sequence Bank. The inverse variance weighted analysis demonstrated a causal genetic association between ferritin levels (β = 0.351; 95% confidence interval = 1.006-2.046; P = .045) and SCLC. The application of Cochran Q test, Rucker Q test, MR Egger intercept, and MR-PRESSO global tests did not reveal any evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy (P > .05). In conclusion, from a genetic perspective, elevated ferritin levels are positively correlated with an increased risk of SCLC. Furthermore, no genetic causality was observed between the other 3 indicators of iron homeostasis and either SCLC or NSCLC, nor between ferritin and NSCLC.