The objective of this study is to analyze trends in global research on vitamin D deficiency and mental health outcomes among women using bibliometric methods, focusing on publication output, citation patterns, collaboration structures, thematic research clusters, and key gaps in the existing literature.

A structured bibliometric search of the Scopus database identified 1124 English-language, peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2024 on vitamin D deficiency and mental health in women. Data were analyzed using VOSviewer-Version 1.6.20 to visualize publication trends, citation impact, co-authorship networks, and thematic clusters. Basic statistics were used to explain the publication patterns, while the analysis of networks revealed new research themes and connections across different areas of study.

Research output increased steadily, reaching a peak in 2024. Annweiler, C. was the most prolific author. Leading institutions included the University of Western Ontario, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Monash University based on citation impact. The United States contributed the most publications, followed by the United Kingdom and China. Thematic analysis showed strong links between vitamin D deficiency and depression, anxiety, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic conditions.

This bibliometric analysis highlights the growing academic interest in vitamin D deficiency and its association with mental health outcomes among women. The findings reflect patterns in research activity, collaboration, and thematic focus rather than evidence of clinical effectiveness or causal relationships. While significant progress has been made, gaps remain in gender-specific research, life stage analysis, and representation from low- and middle-income countries.

Insufficient sleep represents a public health challenge affecting the majority of adolescents in industrialized societies, with fewer than 30% of high school students obtaining the recommended 8-10 h of nightly sleep. Chronic effects of insufficient sleep have been shown to affect a myriad of functions including brain development, metabolism, mental health, school performance, and social relationships. While these biological and functional consequences of adolescent insufficient sleep have been addressed in prior reviews, no review has systematically examined the effects of insufficient sleep on structural brain development. Herein, we address this gap by reviewing the growing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) literature linking adolescent sleep patterns to brain morphology. This review systematically synthesizes study findings from MRI sequences spanning diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), voxel-based morphometry, and structural volumetrics, including gray matter, white matter, and cortical thickness as it relates to sleep duration, sleep regularity, and sleep quality. In summary, results from these studies link insufficient sleep to measurable alterations in white matter microstructure, cortical thickness, and gray matter volume during adolescence, establishing detectable effects of brain morphology during a period of heightened neurobiological vulnerability. Protecting adolescent sleep represents an investment in both immediate well-being and long-term health outcomes extending into adulthood.

The hippocampus is among the most affected brain structures in schizophrenia and plays a central role in the core pathology of psychotic disorders. Despite observations that hippocampal structural deficits emerge from the early stages of schizophrenia, it remains unclear how these changes progress over the disease course and how antipsychotic medication influences them.

We conducted a systematic review of longitudinal, volumetric MRI studies of patients with First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) and those at the Chronic stage (CH), and extracted data on hippocampal volume and antipsychotic medication exposure for meta-analysis. Both the review and the analysis conformed to PRISMA 2020 guidelines.

Eighteen reports were included. Longitudinal analysis of the FEP group revealed no significant change in hippocampal volume over time (scan interval), likely due to substantial heterogeneity across studies. By contrast, the CH group exhibited a significantly faster, albeit subtle, reduction in hippocampal volume compared with Healthy Controls (HC). The meta-regression analysis revealed no significant associations between hippocampal volume reduction and any examined factors, including antipsychotic medication exposure, likely reflecting the small number of studies and the paucity of medication-related data.

The pace of hippocampal volume change appears to differ between the early and chronic stages.

Substantial heterogeneity and insufficient available data in the current literature limit the ability to draw firm conclusions regarding hippocampal volume changes across disease stages or their relationship with antipsychotic medication. The pace of these changes may differ between the FEP and CH stages, but this observation should be interpreted cautiously. Further longitudinal MRI studies with more detailed and consistent reporting of medication-related variables are needed to clarify these relationships.

First, to describe the development of a novel postconcussive symptom (PCS) code set for identifying symptoms via medical records. Second, to apply it to a population-based cohort of service members with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) per Military Health System (MHS) records, to identify distinct subgroups based on patterns of risk for specific PCS.

MHS.

Population-based sample of service members with mTBI who served in the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps and received a diagnosis within the MHS (n = 148 293).

Retrospective cohort study using medical record data from the MHS spanning 2002 to 2021.

In collaboration with clinical experts, we iteratively refined a novel PCS code set comprised of ICD-9/10 codes based on Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory categories, when possible. We used latent class analysis (LCA) with a split-sample cross-validation procedure to identify subgroups of service members with mTBI based on probability of receiving each PCS diagnosis.

The final PCS code set included 20 symptoms, spanning vestibular, sensory, cognitive, and mood/behavioral-related symptoms. The LCA supported 5 distinct subgroups, the most prevalent being the Minimal subgroup (59%), characterized by low probability of all PCS. The next most common class was the Headache class (16%), followed by the Mood-Behavioral (15%), Headache-Sleep (6%), and Headache-Mood-Sleep (5%) classes.

Using a novel PCS code set leveraging routinely collected data, we identified 5 clinically meaningful and statistically distinct subgroups based on symptom patterns in a population-based cohort of service members with a history of mTBI. These subgroups provide a nuanced, person-centered understanding of symptoms among those with a history of TBI and can inform targeted interventions and policies aimed at meeting the needs of these service members. Further, findings establish a foundation for investigating risk factors and outcomes across subgroups, informing prognostication.

Justice-involved juveniles frequently present significant social and psychological difficulties linked to complex trauma, insecure attachment, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which may impair emotional regulation, identity development, and relational functioning, increasing the risk of antisocial behavior. Within this framework, the Vis à Vis project-developed under the European Researchers' Night initiative SuperScienceMe-aims to promote future-oriented planning and personal change among at-risk youth (14-25) through integrated psychological and educational support. Its objectives include enhancing empowerment and self-regulation, fostering responsibility and awareness of behavioral consequences, and promoting restorative justice through reparative actions and social inclusion. Implemented by the "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro and authorized by the Italian Ministry of Justice, the project involved 12 participants (5 juveniles and 7 student mentors) in structured experiential activities under professional supervision, following a multi-phase design. Preliminary findings indicate increased self-awareness, improved interpersonal skills, greater accountability, and enhanced future orientation among juveniles involved. Despite its exploratory nature, the project highlights the value of mentoring-based, restorative approaches in addressing developmental vulnerabilities and supporting positive behavioral change.

Despite major advances in lipid-lowering therapy and the widespread implementation of statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9-targeted interventions, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Intensive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has substantially reduced cardiovascular events; however, a considerable degree of residual cardiovascular risk persists even among patients achieving very low LDL-C levels. This observation has shifted contemporary cardiovascular research toward a broader understanding of atherosclerosis as a multifactorial disorder involving triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), apolipoprotein B (APOB)-containing particles, dysfunctional high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], endothelial dysfunction, and chronic vascular inflammation. Emerging evidence further suggests that psychological and behavioral factors, including specific personality traits and chronic psychosocial stress, may contribute independently to cardiovascular disease susceptibility and outcomes. The present review summarizes emerging risk factors associated with residual cardiovascular risk and highlights novel therapeutic strategies beyond LDL-C lowering. Collectively, current evidence supports a transition from a simplistic LDL-C-centric paradigm toward a multiple risk factor approach for atherosclerosis prevention and treatment.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide. Ongoing global migration increases the proportion of recently arrived migrants in many countries. Yet data on NCD prevalence and care among asylum seekers (AS), a marginalised population with barriers to healthcare access, remain scarce. Emergency departments (EDs) often serve as healthcare access points for vulnerable populations, providing valuable data to identify unmet needs and health inequities. The primary objective of this study was to assess NCD prevalence, along with care, patterns and ED consultation frequency among AS compared with Swiss nationals (SN), with a focus on potential disparities.

Cross-sectional study at the ED of University Hospital Bern (January 2017 to December 2018). Patients ≥30 years with AS status were matched 1:1 to SN by age (±5 years) and gender. Routine data from electronic medical records included demographics, consultation characteristics and the presence, type and medication of NCDs. Group-level comparisons were performed and sensitivity analyses tested result robustness.

NCD and multimorbidity prevalences did not differ (AS: respectively 34.5% and 10.2% of 420, SN: 36.9% and 9.0% of 445, p=0.475 and 0.322), with cardiovascular diseases most prevalent. Diabetes was more prevalent in AS (9.3% vs 3.8%, p=0.001), particularly among women, while neoplasms and respiratory disease were less frequent. ED consultation frequencies were comparable between AS and SN (each N=538). In both groups, ~10% of ED visits were primarily NCD-related, with similar rates of previously known or unknown NCDs and resource utilisation, while untreated cardiovascular disease or diabetes was more frequent among AS.

Despite similar overall ED consultation frequency and NCD prevalence between groups, higher diabetes prevalence, gender-specific differences and potential chronic care gaps among AS indicate health inequities. EDs play a crucial role in detecting such disparities and can inform inclusive, equity-oriented strategies to strengthen NCD prevention and care continuity for displaced populations.

India is witnessing an epidemiological shift from infectious to noncommunicable diseases. Traditional patient education and counseling methods fail to motivate patients to make desirable changes to manage their disease. This study explores clinicians' perceived challenges and their attitudes toward communication practices, particularly risk communication and lifestyle advice for hypertension, diabetes, and related behavioral risk factors.

In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 clinicians, including consultants and residents from the Departments of Cardiology, General Medicine, and Family Medicine at a tertiary care hospital in India. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the framework method of thematic analysis. A hybrid deductive-inductive coding approach was employed to identify emerging themes related to clinicians' perceptions, communication practices, and barriers to risk communication.

Five major themes emerged: perceptions of the burden of noncommunicable diseases, challenges in language and patient understanding, patient-related barriers, clinician communication practices, and awareness of risk communication. Clinicians routinely provided medication and lifestyle advice based on standard guidelines and tailored their communication according to patients' literacy, age, and socioeconomic background. However, high patient load and limited consultation time restricted detailed communication, resulting in reliance on informal rather than structured risk communication methods. Participants expressed interest in formal training and standardized approaches for communicating disease risk.

Clinicians recognized the importance of communicating advice on disease risk and lifestyle modification but largely relied on informal communication practices rather than structured methods. Time constraints, language barriers, and patient-related factors were perceived as major challenges. The findings suggest a need for developing and evaluating standardized, context-specific risk communication strategies and training programs to strengthen patient-centered care in the management of hypertension and diabetes.

Burns are one of the most devastating traumatic injuries, and in cases of advanced burns, patients require urgent and specialized care to minimize mortality. Studies have shown that a variety of herbal medicines and nanoparticles can be used to treat burn wounds. Among them mixture of Eisenia fetida oil, valerian, and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles can be a good choice due to their healing properties. This study aimed to synthesize an ointment based on Eisenia fetida oil, Valeriana officinalis, and zinc oxide to investigate its effect on skin wound healing. The hemocompatibility and biocompatibility of the designed ointment were evaluated using blood clotting index (BCI), hemolysis test, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. The antibacterial effects of the designed ointment were evaluated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill tests. Finally, the healing ability of the designed ointment was evaluated in a rat model by creating a 3 × 3 cm burn wound. Wound healing was evaluated after 14 days by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG) staining. The results showed that the addition of Valeriana officinalis and zinc oxide to Eisenia fetida oil improved hemocompatibility, biocompatibility, improved cell migration, and improved antibacterial properties. Additionally, the results of H&E and VVG staining demonstrated the good efficacy of the designed ointment in increasing epidermal thickness, promoting angiogenesis, and enhancing collagen and elastin fibers. These results indicate the potential of the designed ointment as a promising tool for skin wound healing and clinical trials.