Renal sarcomas are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all renal malignancies. Ewing sarcoma/PNET of the kidney is an aggressive and extremely rare neoplasm with only 120 cases reported so far. It is seen in young adults, and only few pediatric cases have been reported so far. We report an 8-year-old boy presenting with progressive left lumbar swelling for 1 year and a prior history of antitubercular therapy. Examination revealed a tender subcutaneous abscess measuring 7×5 cm in the left lumbar region. Fine-needle aspiration cytology suggested a small round blue cell tumor. Histopathological examination, supported by immunohistochemistry, confirmed the diagnosis of renal PNET, which is highly aggressive as compared to PNET arising from other sites. It needs to be distinguished from other primary renal tumors owing to its poor prognosis and aggressive nature. Clinical and radiographic features are nonspecific leading to diagnostic challenges. Definitive diagnosis requires histopathological examination and IHC.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC), but clinical benefit remains largely confined to patients with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR). Responses among patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) are heterogeneous, underscoring the need for accessible biomarkers that can refine patient stratification beyond MMR status. Histopathological features on routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides may reflect the immune and stromal architecture of the tumor microenvironment. This study investigated the prognostic value and treatment-outcome associations of standardized stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs), tumor-stroma ratio (TSR), and tumor budding (TB) in patients with aCRC treated with ICIs.

This retrospective multicentre study included 210 patients with pathologically confirmed aCRC who received PD-1/PD-L1-based immunotherapy between January 2021 and June 2025. H&E-stained sections were independently assessed by two blinded pathologists. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), with objective response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS) as secondary endpoints. Survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models. Inter-observer agreement was evaluated using Cohen's kappa.

At a median follow-up of 22.4 months, high sTILs (≥20%) were associated with a significantly higher ORR than low sTILs (47.2% vs. 15.2%, P<0.001). Patients with low stromal content (TSR ≥50%) experienced longer median PFS compared with those with high stromal content (10.8 vs. 5.2 months; HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.35-0.66; P<0.001). Within the pMMR subgroup (n=162), the combination of high sTILs and low TSR identified an immune-active phenotype with an ORR of 38.5% versus 6.1% in patients with neither feature. Multivariable analysis confirmed high sTILs (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.26-0.84; P = 0.011) and high-grade tumor budding (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.39-2.96; P<0.001) as independent prognostic factors for PFS, while TSR demonstrated prognostic value in univariate analysis only.

Standardized assessment of routine H&E-stained histopathological features provides clinically relevant prognostic and outcome-stratifying information in ICI-treated patients in aCRC. These cost-effective biomarkers may complement molecular testing, particularly for stratifying pMMR patients in real-world immunotherapy settings.

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare mesenchymal fibroblastic neoplasms. Although surgical resection remains the primary treatment, achieving gross-total resection is often challenging due to the frequent proximity of these tumors to critical neurovascular structures. Consequently, postoperative recurrence rates can be as high as 43%, and there is a notable risk of metastasis, underscoring the need for effective multimodal management.This review synthesizes current evidence on therapeutic strategies for CNS SFTs.Maximal safe surgical resection remains the cornerstone of local control. For patients undergoing subtotal resection, or those with high-risk pathological features (e.g., WHO grade II/III, high mitotic count, or necrosis), postoperative radiotherapy can significantly improve local control rates.Regarding systemic therapy, anti-angiogenic agents (e.g., pazopanib) have demonstrated superior disease control compared to conventional chemotherapy in patients with advanced, recurrent, or metastatic non-dedifferentiated SFT. Cytotoxic chemotherapy (e.g., doxorubicin) is now largely reserved for refractory or dedifferentiated subtypes. Immunotherapy (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) has shown limited but promising activity in select patients, with PRAME emerging as a potential novel immunotherapeutic target.Optimal patient management requires a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach involving specialists from neurosurgery, radiation oncology, and medical oncology.Treatment decisions should be individualized based on the extent of resection, tumor grade, location, and patient-specific factors. Lifelong, regular MRI surveillance is crucial for early detection of recurrence.Future directions should focus on conducting prospective clinical trials to generate higher-level evidence, further elucidating the NAB2-STAT6 fusion oncogene pathway, and developing rational combination therapies to improve outcomes for patients with this challenging tumor.

Malignant melanoma, an aggressive neoplasm with high metastatic potential, rarely metastasizes to the breast, with bilateral involvement being exceptionally uncommon. This case report details a 36-year-old postpartum woman who presented with bilateral, symmetrical, rock-hard breast swelling and erythema, initially misdiagnosed as severe lactational mastitis. Comprehensive evaluation ultimately revealed diffusely metastatic malignant melanoma. The primary site was identified as a previously excised cutaneous lesion on the chest wall, originally reported as a benign compound nevus. The patient exhibited a rapidly progressive and refractory disease course, failing to respond to sequential targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy, and succumbed to the disease within seven months of diagnosis. This case underscores a profound diagnostic pitfall, highlighting the potential for metastatic melanoma to mimic benign inflammatory breast conditions, particularly in the physiologically altered postpartum period. It emphasizes the critical need for a high index of suspicion for metastatic disease in atypical breast presentations and reinforces the imperative of meticulous history-taking, including a thorough review of all prior skin pathology, in patients with malignancy of unknown origin. The aggressive clinical course further illustrates the formidable therapeutic challenges in such advanced presentations of metastatic melanoma.

We report a case of clonal seborrheic keratosis (CPSK) adjacent to Bowen's disease (BD) in a 29‑year‑old male with no history of chronic sun exposure. The lesion presented as a brown, flat papule on the right side of the back. Histopathologically, the CPSK component featured well‑demarcated intraepidermal nests of basaloid keratinocytes, consistent with the Borst‑Jadassohn phenomenon. Adjacent areas showed full‑thickness epidermal atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, and numerous mitotic figures, including atypical forms, characteristic of BD. No clear transitional zone was identified between the two components. These findings align most closely with a collision tumor-coincidental coexistence of two independent neoplasms-rather than true malignant transformation of CPSK into BD. This case underscores the need for careful histologic evaluation to distinguish collision from transformation, particularly in the absence of chronic ultraviolet exposure.

Lipoma is a common benign mesenchymal tumor, but oral lipomas account for only 1%-4% of all lipomas, with lingual lateral margin lipomas being an even rarer subtype. A 53-year-old female presented with a 1-year history of a slow-growing, painless, and pale yellow submucosal mass on the left lateral tongue (1.5-cm in diameter). Preoperative contrast-enhanced maxillofacial CT suggested a cystic space-occupying lesion, and minimally invasive resection was performed under local anesthesia. Histopathological examination confirmed a classic lipoma with mature, uniformly arranged adipocytes and no atypia. The patient had uneventful wound healing, no postoperative complications, and no recurrence at 3-week follow-up, with full recovery of tongue function. Literature review indicated that contrast-enhanced CT combined with typical clinical signs improves preoperative diagnostic accuracy, and minimally invasive local resection is a safe, effective treatment for small lingual lipomas. This case adds new clinical evidence for small lipomas of the lateral tongue and improves the dataset of this rare tumor subtype, offering guidance for clinical practice. This report also reminds clinicians that soft yellow nodules on the tongue margin cannot be simply diagnosed as cysts according to CT hypodensity alone. Combined clinical and radiological assessment is mandatory, and local minimally invasive surgery is the optimal option for these small lesions.

Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) comprise a broader spectrum of manifestations than primary immunodeficiencies (PID). They often present with immune dysregulation manifestations such as lymphoproliferation (LP), a common yet underrecognized hallmark of IEIs that encompasses disorders ranging from chronic benign lymphadenopathy to malignant lymphoid neoplasms. Given the difficulties in diagnosing these conditions, including their heterogeneous presentation, this narrative review aims to increase awareness of IEIs by highlighting LP as a key clinical indicator, particularly in hematology-oncology settings. We present clinical, histopathological, and radiological features-especially those related to LP-that should prompt suspicion of IEIs. Additionally, we advocate for a multidisciplinary approach, fostering effective communication among all potentially involved specialists (clinical immunologists, hematologists, oncologists, radiologists, geneticists, and pathologists) to facilitate accurate, timely disease recognition. Early genetic diagnosis in IEIs is crucial for implementing genetic counseling, targeted therapies, and follow-up protocols, ultimately affecting patient outcomes and quality of life.

Cellular senescence is increasingly recognized as a key driver of chronic lung diseases, contributing to persistent inflammation, impaired tissue repair, and pathological remodeling. In parallel, aberrant protein fucosylation has emerged as an important regulator of epithelial function and immune signaling in the respiratory tract. Recent evidence suggests that these processes may be mechanistically linked rather than independently dysregulated. In particular, core fucosylation mediated by fucosyltransferases, such as fucosyltransferases 8 (FUT8), can modulate receptor activity and amplify signaling pathways, including TGF-β/Smad and PI3K/Akt, that are central to the induction and maintenance of cellular senescence. These interactions may promote epithelial dysfunction, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) production, and pro-fibrotic remodeling in diseases such as COPD, asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge on cellular senescence and fucosylation in chronic lung disease and highlight emerging evidence linking these processes through shared signaling networks. We further discuss the potential of the fucosylation-senescence axis as a source of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review is among the first to integrate emerging evidence linking aberrant fucosylation with cellular senescence signaling in chronic lung diseases, thereby providing a conceptual framework for future mechanistic and translational studies.

Spatial transcriptomics has transformed tissue analysis but remains constrained by high cost, complex workflows, sequencing dependence and limited access to post-transcriptional regulation in fresh tissues. Here we present a sequencing-free and amplification-free approach for the spatial profiling of post-transcriptional regulation across large tissue sections. The method operates on fresh, minimally processed tissue slices using a nanoneedle array to extract RNA molecules from individual cells while preserving spatial organization. Messenger RNAs, microRNAs and N⁶-methyladenosine-modified RNAs are quantified by multiplexed fluorescence encoding and imaging-based decoding at subcellular resolution. Benchmarking against fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunostaining and bulk measurements demonstrates sensitivity and spatial fidelity comparable to established spatial transcriptomics methods, with reduced cost and workflow complexity. We validate the approach by mapping patterned messenger RNA expression in developing mouse neural tissue and applying it to the olfactory bulb, a layered brain region that provides a stringent test of spatial heterogeneity. Finally, we demonstrate applicability to human biopsy specimens, enabling low cost spatial multi-omics analysis relevant to disease stratification and prognosis.

Disability is a multidimensional condition arising from impairment or chronic illness that limits individuals' ability to perform age, gender, and socio-culturally expected activities. Many chronic diseases, including asthma, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders, fall within the scope of disability. Beyond functional limitations, barriers to social relationships and cultural participation further affect individuals' lives, underscoring the importance of examining lived experiences and expectations.

This study aimed to examine in depth the disability status of individuals with chronic diseases and their expectations of disability services.

This qualitative study was conducted in Türkiye, and participant recruitment was carried out between 09/07/2024 and 07/01/2025. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 adults with chronic diseases who held official disability reports. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling combined with a snowball technique. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis informed by a phenomenological perspective.

Seventy percent of the participants were women, 50% had type 1 diabetes, and half reported limited awareness of disability services. Three main themes emerged: Impact of Disability on Daily Life, Awareness of Disability Services, and Accessibility of Disability Services. These findings highlight critical gaps between formal disability certification and effective access to services, indicating that informational and structural barriers persist despite legal entitlements.

Disability related to chronic illness affects multiple life domains, particularly social, cultural, educational, and professional areas. Although individuals with chronic diseases are entitled to disability services based on health board reports, limited awareness and accessibility hinder effective utilisation.