Introduction Residency training is a critical period marked by high stress and burnout. Wellness curriculums offer potential solutions, but their effectiveness remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess resident perceptions, awareness, and satisfaction following implementation of a resident-led structured wellness curriculum in an Internal Medicine residency program. Methods A cross-sectional survey conducted in May 2024 utilized a 20-point questionnaire distributed to residents across Post-Graduate Year (PGY) levels. The curriculum, based on the American Medical Association's (AMA) six aspects of wellness, was integrated into outpatient rotations. Expert-led talks covered burnout, sleep hygiene, nutrition and fitness, financial planning, emotional health, and fostering relationships. Statistical analysis included Chi-squared tests, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results Out of 90 total residents, 48 (53%) participated in the survey. PGY-1 residents constituted 40% of respondents; 58% reported awareness of AMA-defined wellness, and 83% expressed satisfaction with the curriculum. Supportive program leadership and work-life balance were the most valued aspects. 86% recommended continuing the curriculum, suggesting improvements such as increased hospital support staff, upgraded computer systems, mental health workshops, addressing workplace culture, and team outings during didactics. High attendance at wellness talks was observed. Conclusion Residents reported high satisfaction with the curriculum and strong support for its continuation. Feedback emphasized the importance of addressing organizational challenges and fostering a supportive culture within the residency program.

About 10 million people worldwide chew khat daily. Chronic khat use is a public health problem associated with physical and psychological impacts, such as mental health disorders and social consequences. The use of khat is increasing dramatically in Ethiopia among the young population. There are controversies over the legal status and health effects related to the consumption of khat. Despite the existing controversies, the problem is increasing with its detrimental impact. Policymakers need to enforce education campaigns aimed at awareness creation on the impact of khat use. It is important to consider legally restricting the availability and use of khat in vulnerable populations, such as children under 18 years, individuals with mental disorders and pregnant women, as well as in settings such as hospitals and schools.

The gap between mental health conditions and care uptake remains a global challenge, despite the availability of effective and affordable treatments. This gap is driven by demand-side barriers, such as lack of mental health literacy (MHL), stigma, etc., that hinder help-seeking. In this systematic review, we critically appraise interventions aimed at promoting help-seeking for mental health conditions. The review protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42021273843). A systematic search was conducted across MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Global Health, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Only RCTs published after 2016, testing interventions with the aim of improving help-seeking behaviors, intentions and attitudes for any mental health conditions, were included. Due to the heterogeneity of outcomes and measures used in the studies, a narrative synthesis was conducted to examine the evidence. Fifty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Our review confirms that MHL or psychoeducation, motivational interviewing (MI) and social contact interventions effectively improve help-seeking attitudes (n = 10), intentions (n = 17) and behaviors (n = 16). Multi-component MHL and MI-based strategies enhance help-seeking behaviors, while social contact online interventions enhance intentions. MHL/psychoeducation was effective across all outcomes, particularly when combined with other strategies. Despite a rise in help-seeking research, many studies lacked standardized frameworks, making cross-intervention comparisons difficult. Future work should align with theoretical models of help-seeking and explore mechanisms of change to better understand the link between intentions, attitudes and behaviors.

Longitudinal research has examined procrastination-emotion dynamics across diverse temporal intervals, yet it remains unclear whether findings obtained at different timescales reflect distinct underlying mechanisms. Guided by an emotion-regulation account, the present study tested the hypotheses that negative emotions predicted subsequent procrastination more strongly at shorter intervals, whereas procrastination predicted increases in depressive symptoms over longer intervals.

To test whether the procrastination-depressive symptoms coupling varied across temporal scales, we integrated three longitudinal datasets (i.e., daily, 1-month, and half-yearly intervals) and compared models in which within-person lagged effects (i.e., from depressive symptoms to procrastination and the reverse path) were allowed to vary versus constrained to be invariant across timescales. Directional paths were then reported based on the better-fitting model.

Model comparisons favored the timescale-invariant model over the timescale-variant model for both directional paths. Across multiple temporal scales, the timescale-invariant model showed negligible effects of depressive symptoms on subsequent procrastination, while procrastination predicted increases in depressive symptoms.

Contrary to timescale-dependent expectations, no evidence for temporally distinct mechanisms was observed within the examined intervals. Instead, the findings reveal a modest directional asymmetry across timescales, suggesting that procrastination may have consistent but small effects on subsequent increases in depressive symptoms rather than forming a reciprocal feedback loop.

Dementia is a life-limiting condition, and a palliative care approach can improve both quality of life and quality of care for people living-and dying-with dementia. Research has consistently shown that, compared with other terminal conditions such as cancer, dementia is under-recognised and under-treated within palliative care systems. Considerable attention has been paid to this overall under-representation; however, further inequities exist within palliative dementia care research and practice itself. This position paper draws on an in-depth conversation with a person living alone with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, alongside a critical engagement with existing literature. Using lived experience as a starting point, we identify two untapped dimensions of palliative dementia care: (1) barriers in palliative care conversations when a person with dementia attends clinical appointments unaccompanied; and (2) intersectional disadvantage arising from dementia, living alone, and health and social care systems that overly rely on informal carers or supporters. These contribute to exclusionary research practices that marginalise people living with dementia without close care partners. While the involvement of carers and supporters in shared decision-making should be encouraged when they are present, high-quality palliative care and research must not depend on their presence and should be equally accessible to people living with dementia who attend services alone. We argue that addressing this neglected area requires the meaningful involvement of people with lived experience in shaping both research agendas and clinical practice.

Mental health difficulties are highly prevalent worldwide. Digital mental health tools (DMHTs) have been developed to increase accessibility to mental healthcare for people who may struggle to access care due to cost, location or stigma. As the views of stakeholders are important in understanding the potential barriers to and facilitators of DMHT implementation, the aims of this review were to critically appraise and synthesise qualitative findings relating to the perceptions and/or experiences of healthcare professionals (HCPs) on the use of digital mental health tools in clinical practice.

A systematic search of mixed-method and qualitative studies was performed using five databases. Eligible studies were quality-assessed. Data were analysed using inductive thematic synthesis.

Fifteen studies were identified and reviewed. Four main themes (alongside eight subthemes) were developed from the data of 604 HCPs: 1) DMHTs should augment - not replace - face-to-face clinical care; 2) Considerations and caveats to use in clinical practice; 3) Using DMHTs to enhance clinical care; and 4) Perceived barriers and concerns.

HCPs strongly endorsed the view that DMHTs offer increased access to care, however, concerns about their therapeutic quality, risk management, and workload burden persist. Context-sensitive implementation and proper infrastructure are essential for successful integration into mental health services.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42020188879.

Currently, myopia affects approximately 1,406 million individuals, representing 22.9% of the global population. Emerging technologies are transforming eye care by providing innovative approaches to address the global challenge of myopia progression. Despite advancements in myopia control strategies, a comprehensive evaluation of the global landscape of emerging technologies remains an urgent priority.

The article search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, Web of science and Google Scholar databases. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened for inclusion independently by all authors, with discrepancies resolved through discussion. The findings are reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Reviews checklist.

A total of 28 articles were included in this scoping review. The majority of the included were randomized clinical trials (n = 10, 35.7%), with most conducted in China (n = 10, 35.7%). The study populations predominantly consisted of individuals less than 17 years of age. Several studies reported that Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses demonstrated outshining efficacy in controlling axial length growth and reducing myopia progression compared to alternative interventions.

This scoping review identifies emerging technologies show potential in managing myopia progression, further research is needed to determine their long-term safety profiles, optimize treatment protocols, and address regional disparities in access to these options.

Psoriasis and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) share pathological features such as chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and metabolic disturbance. Increasing evidence suggests biological crosstalk between the two conditions, offering new insights into their shared mechanisms and comanagement. Early-stage MAFLD, characterized by hepatic steatosis without evident inflammation or fibrosis, provides a crucial window for intervention. This study aimed to identify early diagnostic biomarkers linking psoriasis and MAFLD.

Transcriptomic datasets of psoriasis and MAFLD were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify MAFLD-related modules. Shared genes were obtained by intersecting module genes with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from psoriasis datasets. Machine learning algorithms, including random forest (RF), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and support vector machine (SVM), were applied to identify hub genes. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, immune infiltration assessment, Spearman correlation, and experimental validation in psoriasis and MAFLD mouse models.

Twenty-nine shared genes were identified and found to be enriched in immune and metabolic pathways. Six hub genes-ADRB2, WNT5A, S100A9, FAM110C, S100A12, and TUBB6-were selected through integrated machine learning analysis and experimental validation. These genes exhibited high diagnostic accuracy and significant correlations with disease severity and immune cell infiltration.

This study identified six hub genes-ADRB2, WNT5A, S100A9, FAM110C, S100A12, and TUBB6-as potential cross-disease biomarkers for the comorbidity of psoriasis and MAFLD, and these genes are significantly associated with disease severity. These findings provide new targets for early diagnosis and potential treatment strategies for the comorbidity.

Living in socioeconomically deprived areas has been linked to poorer health outcomes, with older adults potentially more vulnerable due to cumulative environmental exposure. This study examined the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation and cognitive decline among older adults in Porto, Portugal.

We used data from 486 participants aged ≥50 years in the EPIPorto cohort, each with at least two cognitive assessments between 2005 and 2018. Neighbourhood deprivation was measured using the Portuguese European Deprivation Index; cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination. Missing data were addressed using multivariate imputation (mice package), and associations were estimated via linear mixed-effects models (lme4 package).

The average cognitive decline was -0.60 points between assessments (95% CI: -0.82 to -0.37). In unadjusted models, higher neighbourhood deprivation was associated with faster decline (β = -0.18; 95% CI: -0.29 to -0.06), but this was not significant after adjustment (β = 0.00; 95% CI: -0.11-0.12). Greater decline was significantly associated with older age, female sex, and lower education.

Findings highlight the role of individual sociodemographic factors but indicate no significant association with neighbourhood deprivation.

Undocumented immigrants are a highly vulnerable population, frequently exposed to violence and trauma in their country of origin, along the migration journey, and in the host country. This study investigates which factors experienced before, during, and after migration influence the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It also investigates whether PTSD relates to high-risk health behaviors in France.

We relied on a survey representative of undocumented immigrants attending facilities providing assistance to vulnerable populations in Paris and Bordeaux (France). Analyses relied on several multivariate probit models (N = 1,060).

Overall, 54.1% of respondents experienced at least one traumatic event, and 17.2% currently suffer from PTSD. Factors associated with an increase probability to develop PTSD are: coming to France for safety reasons (before migration), entering France without appropriate documentation (during migration), food insecurity and poor housing conditions (after migration). PTSD is also associated with an increase probability to engage in high-risk alcohol consumption.

Although pre-migration factors cannot be addressed by destination-country policies, our findings suggest that interventions targeting deprivation may help reducing PTSD and substance use among undocumented immigrants.