General-purpose generative AI (GenAI) models are increasingly serving as quasi-social agents, representing a novel form of informal AI-mediated help-seeking. This study examined associations between adult attachment orientations (Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures questionnaire), psychological distress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21), and the use of GenAI for mental health support. In a nonprobability sample of 584 Israeli adult GenAI users, 29.3 percent reported having turned to these models at least once for emotional support, coping advice, or mental health assistance; the proportion reached 47.0 percent among those reporting severe distress. These self-reported figures reflect any such contact, from a single exchange to sustained use. Hierarchical logistic regression identified distress as the strongest psychological correlate of use. Younger age and female gender predicted use. Attachment anxiety was associated with use, but this association did not remain significant once distress was included, a pattern consistent with the shared variance between the two constructs. Attachment avoidance was negatively but nonsignificantly associated with use. Findings position general-purpose GenAI as an accessible, low-barrier resource disproportionately used by distressed individuals. The high uptake among severely distressed users (47.0 percent) points to potential safety concerns and to a need for systematic evaluation of the safety, crisis-response quality, and clinical-displacement risks of consumer-facing AI use.

Background & aims: Walnuts are nutrient-dense foods rich in bioactive compounds that may support mental health. However, evidence linking walnut consumption to mood regulation and to changes in urinary metabolites potentially associated with these effects in humans remains limited. This randomized crossover trial (RCT) aimed to evaluate the effects of an 8-week walnut (Juglans regia) intervention on mood states in young adults and to explore the potential mechanistic links through urinary serotonin metabolite (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5-HIAA), cortisol, and urolithins. Methods: In this 18-week open-label RCT, 31 healthy young adults (mean age 24.0 ± 4.2 years; 90.3% female) consumed 40 g per day of walnuts for 8 weeks (intervention) and followed a nut-free control period of equal length, separated by a 2-week washout. Mood states, perceived stress, well-being, and trait food cravings were assessed using validated questionnaires. Urinary concentrations of 5-HIAA and cortisol were quantified via ELISA and normalized to creatinine. Walnut-derived urolithins were determined in urine samples as biomarkers of intake by HPLC-QTOF-MS. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test differences in outcome variables between intervention and control conditions, and repeated-measures correlations were performed to assess within-individual associations between the outcome variables. Results: Compared to the control condition, the 8-week walnut intervention significantly reduced total mood disturbance scores (-4.85 points, p = 0.030). In addition, the walnut intervention significantly increased urinary 5-HIAA levels, with no changes in urinary cortisol. Increases in urinary 5-HIAA were significantly associated with reductions in fatigue (r = -0.392, p = 0.031) and total mood disturbance (r = -0.362, p = 0.049). Urinary levels of urolithins significantly increased during the intervention and were strongly correlated with concurrent changes in urinary 5-HIAA (r = 0.537 and r = 0.634, respectively). Conclusions: Daily walnut consumption improved total mood disturbance scores in young adults. These findings were accompanied by increased urinary 5-HIAA and urolithin levels. The concurrent changes in these urinary metabolites may reflect dietary, microbial, or peripheral metabolic responses to walnut consumption; however, mechanistic pathways warrant further investigation. These findings highlight the relevance of whole-food strategies in nutritional approaches to mental health.

The review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of integrative reminiscence interventions in mitigating depressive symptoms among older adults.

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across four electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus. The risk of bias in randomized control and quasi-experimental studies was critically evaluated by the Cochrane ROB 2 tool and the Cochrane ROBINS-I tool, respectively.

The meta-analysis showed a large and statistically significant effect of integrative reminiscence in reducing depression from post-baseline to baseline (Cohen's d = 0.9608; p < .0001). The effects at 3-month follow-up or longer showed a similarly large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.3159; p < .0001), indicating the effect of integrative reminiscence could be sustained over time for older adults with depressive symptoms.

This review provides robust empirical evidence supporting the use of integrative reminiscence to reduce depressive symptoms in older adults.

The current review supports the incorporation of integrative reminiscence into the practice of nursing and other healthcare providers in community, geriatric, and long-term care facilities. It provides guidance for developing standardized protocols for integrative reminiscence and training programs to promote consistency and reproducibility and measure the long-term effects of the intervention.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381007.].

Recent studies have identified the right cerebellar Crus I (rCrus I) as a promising target for rTMS in improving language rehabilitation. However, it remains unclear whether continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) over the rCrus I improves language outcomes in patients with subacute post-stroke aphasia (PSA).

To determine whether inhibitory cTBS over rCrus I improves language recovery in PSA and to explore underlying functional connectivity (FC) mechanisms.

Fifty-one PSA patients were randomized to receive either real cTBS (n = 25) or sham stimulation (n = 26) over rCrus I (10 sessions, 2 weeks) combined with speech-language therapy (SLT). Language assessments (WAB-AQ, BNT, BDAE) and resting-state fMRI were conducted before and after the intervention.

Both groups showed significant language improvement post-intervention. No significant interaction was found for WAB-AQ (P = .058), but a significant interaction was observed for repetition (P = .034), favoring cTBS. Resting-state fMRI showed altered connectivity between rCrus I and right temporo-occipital regions, with FC changes negatively correlated with language gains in the cTBS group. Exploratory subgroup analyses identified 2 distinct FC response patterns (FC-increase and FC-decrease), indicating heterogeneous cerebello-cortical and intra-cerebellar connectivity modulation across participants.

Cerebellar cTBS did not confer a significant overall benefit on language recovery in PSA, but selectively improved repetition performance, suggesting domain-specific effects. Functional imaging indicated that rCrus I-centered connectivity changes were associated with behavioral outcomes, with marked inter-individual variability. These findings support a modulatory role of cerebellar cTBS on language networks, warranting further validation in larger, well-powered studies.

This trial was registered under the China Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No. ChiCTR2100049828).

ObjectiveTo argue that contemporary addiction psychiatry, particularly in private and mixed-sector practice, is best understood as an integrative clinical craft rather than a narrow detoxification or prescribing role.ConclusionsAddiction psychiatrists increasingly work in rooms where trauma, ambivalence, psychiatric comorbidity, physical illness, family distress, medication complexity, social adversity, and crisis arrive together. Good care requires more than technical knowledge. It requires trauma-informed engagement, careful listening, psychotherapy fluency, formulation, medical competence, boundaries and system navigation, and social formulation. Private-sector settings can make a useful contribution to training because they often provide continuity, planned care, multidisciplinary work, outpatient follow-up, exposure to newer treatments, and the everyday realities of private practice. Psychiatric training should therefore move beyond episodic exposure to withdrawal management and help trainees develop the relational, social, medical, and practical skills needed for integrated addiction care.

BackgroundSubstance-use disorders (SUDs) are commonly seen in mental health services (MHSs) but inaccurate identification contributes to their inconsistent care. This study examines routine SUDs identification in Queensland's adult MHSs.MethodsRoutine completion of four SUDs identification methods in the statewide electronic health record for MHSs was measured over 4 years from November 2018. Prevalence of identified substance-use groups, defined for each measure, was measured and compared across sociodemographic groups in 58,724 adults.ResultsCompletion of specific identification measures varied markedly. Each measure identified different proportions of defined substance-use groups. The measures with specific substance prompts, a screening tool and clinical pathway, identified higher prevalence of harmful use than the measures of diagnosis and an outcome measure, which lack specific prompts.ConclusionsIndividual SUDs identification processes, including diagnosis, were variably completed, with low screening tool completion. They identified markedly different prevalence, higher for more structured tools. Structured specific screening tools may over-identify risk of SUDs. Care of SUDs in adult MHSs could be improved at individual clinician and service levels by clarifying care pathways to better support delivery of structured processes of screening and brief intervention and to enable targeted assessment and accurate diagnosis.

Sleep regulates immune and inflammatory processes and may influence periodontal health, though evidence remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis evaluated the association between sleep characteristics, including sleep quality and sleep duration, and periodontal disease (PD).

Systematic searches up tos May 2025 identified eligible studies. Sleep-related exposures were assessed using validated questionnaires or sleep duration (< 7 h); periodontal outcomes were defined by clinical examination or self-report. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed or random effects model, depending on heterogeneity.

Fourteen studies (n = 126,425) met inclusion criteria, of which nine (n = 55,524) provided adjusted odds ratios for meta-analysis. Six assessed questionnaire-based sleep quality and three assessed sleep duration alone. Across these heterogeneous exposure definitions, adverse sleep characteristics were associated with greater odds of PD (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.11-1.41; p < 0.001, I² = 53.8%). Sensitivity analyses showed no substantial change in the pooled estimate, and no statistically significant evidence of publication bias was detected.

Adverse sleep characteristics were associated with greater odds of PD, with a stronger association observed for severe periodontitis in subgroup analysis. However, the certainty of evidence was very low, and prospective studies are warranted to clarify causality.

Fruit and vegetable intakes have been associated with reduced risk of depressive symptoms in observational studies, potentially due to anti-inflammatory properties, micronutrient content, and effects on the gut-brain axis. Understanding the genetic and environmental influences on these intakes may provide insight into factors influencing dietary behaviour. Participants were 5,789 individual twins (aged 45-90 years, 51.8% female; 2,208 monozygotic; 3,581 dizygotic) drawn from four international community-based cohorts. Consumption of fruit and vegetables was self-reported via food frequency questionnaires and depressive symptoms were measured with validated scales. Structural equation models were used to estimate the proportion of variation in intakes and depressive symptoms contributed by genetic and environmental influences, as well as assess genetic and environmental influences shared by fruit and vegetable intakes and depressive symptoms. Reported intakes and depressive symptoms were generally low (fruit 1.1 serves/day IQR 1.5, vegetables 1.7 serves/day IQR 1.3, depressive symptoms median 18 IQR 4 on a scale of 17-49). Heritability was 25% (95% CI 0.16, 0.34) for fruit intake, 17% for vegetable intake (95% CI 0.09, 0.25) and 29% for depressive symptoms (95% CI 0.19, 0.38). No shared environmental influences were detected. A weak-to-moderate positive genetic correlation was found between fruit and vegetable intakes and weak negative genetic correlations between each intake and depressive symptoms. These findings suggest low-to-moderate heritability of fruit and vegetable intakes and depressive symptoms. Shared genetic influences may exist, but do not imply causality. Longitudinal studies, including co-twin control designs, are needed to clarify the direction and nature of these associations.

Diet is known to play an essential role not only in sperm quality but also in offspring health, likely mediated through the sperm epigenome. Moreover, one of the main components of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) (i.e., nuts) have shown to impact sperm DNA methylation patterns.

This study aims to investigate the association between adherence to the MedDiet and sperm DNA methylation patterns in healthy men.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 healthy males of reproductive age (18-40 years) randomly selected, based on the MedDiet adherence level (high vs. low adherence), from 200 participants enrolled for the Lifestyle and Environmental Determinants of Seminogram and Other Male Fertility-Related Parameters (Led-Fertyl) study. Detailed lifestyle and dietary information and semen samples were collected. Sperm DNA was extracted and subjected to bisulfite conversion and then hybridized to Infinium MethylationEPIC v2.0 array according to established protocols. Sperm DNA methylation was analyzed using R statistical software, with CpG sites considered differentially methylated when showing an absolute mean methylation difference ≥ 0.10 between high and low adherence groups and an adjusted p-value < 0.05 RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the general and anthropometric characteristics between participants with high adherence and low adherence to MedDiet. Supervised differential methylation analyses found that there were 42 significantly differentially methylated CpGs, with 17 hypermethylated and 25 hypomethylated CpG sites in the participants with high adherence (n = 30) to MedDiet compared to the participants with low adherence (n = 30), after adjustment for age, smoking status, and BMI. The genes involved within differentially methylated sites underwent a gene ontology (GO) analysis, and we observed that 12 GO terms were significantly enriched (adjusted p-value < 0.05), mainly related to cyclic nucleotide signaling, ion channel activity, membrane trafficking/endocytosis, cytoskeletal organization, and transcriptional regulation.

These novel and preliminary findings point to a possible relationship between diet quality and the sperm epigenome. Further studies should seek to confirm these observations in larger, more diverse groups including older men and individuals.

Overall, our findings suggest that adherence to the MedDiet, a dietary pattern rich in natural methyl donors and cofactors, may modulate sperm DNA methylation at specific genomic loci.