Mental health issues have increasingly attracted scholarly attention due to their complex effects on individuals' emotional, cognitive, and social functioning. In Palestine, prolonged conflict and exposure to instability have placed adolescents at elevated risk of psychological distress. This study aims to identify the mental health levels of high school students in the northern West Bank governorates of Palestine and to examine the impact of variables, including gender and field of study. A cross-sectional descriptive-analytical design was employed. Data was conveniently collected using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18. Out of 900 distributed questionnaires, 805 valid responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent-samples t tests. Findings revealed moderate psychological symptoms among students, particularly in depression, somatic symptoms, and anxiety. Significant differences were found based on gender, with females reporting higher levels of psychological distress. Students on the literary track reported higher psychological symptom scores than those on the scientific track. Mean symptom scores were higher among literary-track students than scientific-track students (somatic: 1.27 vs 1.08; depression: 1.36 vs 1.16; anxiety: 1.26 vs 1.08; total: 1.29 vs 1.11). The study highlights the need to strengthen school-based mental health services in Palestine that align with students' developmental stages and academic pressures, promoting early detection and prevention of psychological disorders.

This study aimed to assess the mental health problems of college students and to explore whether mentalization and psychological flexibility are significantly associated with the mental health of college students. The mental health of 14,481 undergraduate students was evaluated using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Mentalization was assessed using the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, and psychological flexibility was evaluated using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II and Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Mental health was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Multivariate and linear regression analyses were employed to examine the relationships among mentalization, psychological flexibility, and the mental health of college students. The Bootstrap procedure was used to explore the mediating role of psychological flexibility in mentalization and mental health. The mental health status of the college students revealed that mentalization and psychological flexibility were significantly related to anxiety and depression in college students. Age, gender, status of the only child, and marital status of parents were significantly related to anxiety and depression of college students. In addition, left-behind children were associated with depression, and higher hypermentalization scores were associated with higher anxiety and depression scores, indicating more severe anxiety and depression. Higher hypomentalization scores are associated with higher depression scores, indicating more severe depression. Psychological flexibility (cognitive fusion, acceptance, and action) partially mediated the relationship between hypermentalization and anxiety/depression scores, and a masking effect was observed in the relationship between hypomentalization and anxiety/depression scores. Anxiety and depression of college students are significantly related to mentalization and psychological flexibility.

Depression and cognitive impairment frequently co-occur in older adults. Network analysis can elucidate inter-relationship between psychiatric disturbances at the symptom level. This study examined the network structure of depressive symptoms and impaired cognitive function among adults aged 60 years or older in India.

Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Cognitive function was evaluated across six domains: Memory, Orientation, Retrieval fluency, Arithmetic function, Executive function, and Object naming. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms were identified using Expected Influence (EI) and Bridge EI, respectively. A flow network was employed to identify symptoms directly associated with cognitive impairment.

In this study, 29 224 participants were included. The prevalence of depression (CESD-10 total score ≥ 4) was 27.46% (95% CI: 26.95%-27.97%), while the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 15.55% (95% CI: 15.13%-15.97%). CESD2 ("Felt depressed") emerged as the most central symptom, followed by Ari ("Arithmetic function") and Ori ("Orientation"). Moreover, CESD8 ("Everything was an effort"), CESD2 ("Felt depressed"), and CESD7 ("Bothered by things") served as bridge nodes linking the communities of depressive symptoms and cognitive functions. The flow network indicated that the strongest connections to cognitive impairment were observed for CESD1 ("Trouble focusing"), CESD3 ("Could not get going"), and CESD10 ("Felt unhappy").

This study documented the inter-relationship between particular depressive symptoms and impaired cognition among older adults in India. The central symptoms and bridge symptoms identified in this study should be tested in intervention studies aiming to improve depression and cognition among older adults.

Existing literature supports weight-bearing and activity restriction following hip arthroscopy, as well as early participation in physical therapy. However, there is a knowledge gap surrounding how failure to adhere to these instructions affects long-term outcomes. This study aims to evaluate how noncompliance with postoperative protocol after hip arthroscopy affects patient-reported outcomes at 2 years after surgery.

Seventy-nine patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement between January and December 2022 were identified, with 52 in the compliant group and 27 in the noncompliant group. Patient noncompliance was defined as loss to follow-up (n = 4), delayed or lack of physical therapy (n = 12), and nonadherence to weight-bearing and activity restrictions (n = 17) within 3 months following surgery. Symptom and functional status were assessed at 2 years with the international Hip Outcomes Tool (iHOT-12), the Physical Function Short Form of the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS-PS), and the single-item patient-acceptable symptom state.

The average iHOT and HOOS-PS scores were lower for noncompliant patients (iHOT, 50.67; SD, 28.9; HOOS-PS, 60.9; SD, 23.8) compared with compliant patients (iHOT, 71.95; SD, 26.8; P = 0.002; HOOS-PS, 79.0; SD, 23.0; P = 0.002). Noncompliant patients had lower rates of reaching Patient Acceptable Symptom State at 2 years (compliant: 69%, noncompliant: 37%; OR = 3.86; 95% CI [1.42, 10.0] 0.006). Multivariate analysis revealed independent predictors of lower iHOT scores were history of a mental health disorder (-12.0 points SD, 2.9; P = 0.001) and noncompliance (-8.6 points SD, 3.0; P = 0.01). No baseline demographic differences were identified between compliant and noncompliant patients.

Noncompliance with functional restrictions and postoperative physical therapy is a strong independent risk factor for poor patient-reported outcomes at 2 years after hip arthroscopy.

In the United States, Black women face racial stressors that significantly undermine their well-being and contribute to poor mental health outcomes.

The current study examines how racial stressors (i.e., racial violence exposure through social media, vicarious racism, and interpersonal racism) are associated with racial trauma and dysphoria (i.e., depression, anxiety, and hostility) and the moderating role of emotion-focused coping self-efficacy (e.g., suppression of unpleasant thoughts and emotions) among Black women (M_age = 35, N = 283).

The study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional, analytical design.

A cross-sectional online survey was administered to Black women aged 18 and over in the Northeast US between March and July 2024. Participants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds were recruited. Data were collected via Qualtrics and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 29.0. A hierarchical regression analysis assessed the association between racial stressors (social media violence, interpersonal racism, and vicarious racism), racial trauma, and dysphoria, with emotion-focused coping self-efficacy as a moderator.

Greater exposure to racial stressors and the suppression of unpleasant thoughts and emotions were associated with higher dysphoria. Interpersonal racism was positively linked to racial trauma, while social media exposure to racial violence was associated with lower trauma. Interaction effects showed that Black women who reported high social media violence exposure and suppressed unpleasant thoughts experienced less trauma. Similarly, those who reported higher vicarious racism and felt confident in suppressing unpleasant thoughts also experienced less trauma. Conversely, those who felt less efficacious in suppressing unpleasant thoughts were more likely to endorse racial trauma symptoms.

Black women's racial stressors, dysphoria, and racial trauma are linked. However, the psychological effects of racial violence exposure through social media depend on available coping resources. Suppressing unpleasant thoughts and emotions is a conditional coping strategy that may mitigate racial trauma when accompanied by high coping self-efficacy, especially in situations involving vicarious racism and social media-based racial violence exposure. Conversely, low confidence in suppressing distress is associated with heightened racial trauma, highlighting the importance of emotion-focused coping self-efficacy in shaping psychological vulnerability.

This review aims to synthesise qualitative literature of experiences of caregiving for family members with intellectual disabilities displaying behaviours that challenge and/or mental health difficulties, within the United Kingdom.

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, five electronic databases (APA PsychInfo, Web of Science, PubMed, MedLine and CINAHL) were systematically searched. Analysis followed a meta-ethnographic approach.

Fourteen studies were included. Three key themes and a line of argument were developed: (i) Carers Wear Many Hats; (ii) Square Services, Round Needs; (iii) A Journey of Many Lows and Some Highs.

Carers highlighted psychosocial strains of the multi-faceted caregiving roles-including advocacy, education and protection. One-size-fits-all approaches meant support services were more burdensome than helpful, leaving carers feeling powerless and marginalised, with limited reports of good practice. The findings can inform care services about supporting these families and individuals with idiosyncratic and intersecting needs.

Trials rarely include outcomes co-developed with stakeholders, which creates uncertainty about whether trial endpoints reflect the benefits valued by patients and clinicians. There is therefore a need to explore how stakeholder perspectives might influence the interpretation of trial results.

In a 2-phase study, we first engaged service users and staff to rank outcomes from a recently completed randomized controlled trial of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT). We then used multi-criteria decision modelling to generate value-weighted composite scores and reanalyzed the trial data from three arms: individual CRT, group CRT, and treatment as usual (TAU). This approach allowed us to examine how weighting outcomes differently, according to stakeholder perspectives, might affect the conclusions drawn from the trial.

Both stakeholder groups prioritized the Global Assessment Scale (primary outcome) and quality of life, but disagreed on the importance of cognition. Reanalyses using weighted composite scores produced the same robust finding as the original trial: CRT delivered in group or one-to-one formats provides significant benefit compared with TAU. Sensitivity analyses applying different stakeholder weights showed the same pattern. However, exploratory analyses revealed that group treatment for the service user weighted composite was not significant.

This study shows how stakeholder values can identify nuances in outcomes depending on the value placed on treatment benefits. Embedding this approach into trial design can strengthen the alignment of outcomes with patient and service priorities and help close the gap between randomized trials and service implementation.

This study examined the associations of COVID-19 history, substance use, and mental health problems with mental health treatment (MHT) utilization among U.S. adults in 2022 and explored age- and gender-related differences in these relationships. Data were drawn from 27 147 adults participating in the 2022 National Health Interview Survey. Multiple logistic regression (MLR) models were used to estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for past-year MHT utilization. Analyses were conducted for the overall sample and stratified by gender and age groups (18-25, 26-45, 46-64, and ≥65 years). Overall, 23.5% of adults reported using MHT (17.3% of males; 29.1% of females). In MLR, female, prior COVID-19 infection, alcohol use, and e-cigarette use, anxiety, depression, and long sleep duration were independently associated with higher MHT odds (all p < 0.05). Gender-stratified analyses indicated that COVID-19 history, alcohol use, and physical activity were significant predictors of MHT utilization among females only, whereas former cigarette smoking was associated with MHT utilization among males. Age-stratified analyses showed that female, health insurance coverage, and the presence of anxiety or depression were consistently associated with higher MHT use across all age groups. Higher educational attainment was associated with increased MHT utilization among adults aged 26-45 years. Among middle-aged (46-64 years) and older adults (≥65 years), COVID-19 history, current e-cigarette use, former cigarette smoking, and long sleep duration were linked to greater MHT utilization. Former e-cigarette use and current alcohol consumption were associated with MHT use among adults aged 26-45 years and ≥65 years, while moderate physical activity was positively associated with MHT utilization among older adults. These findings underscore the need for integrated post-COVID mental health and substance-use screening and for age- and gender-responsive strategies to improve equitable access to mental health care.

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective intervention for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While both brief (6-session) and standard (12-session) formats show efficacy, it remains unclear whether treatment response differs between distinct ADHD clinical presentations.

This secondary analysis of a randomized trial included 80 adults with ADHD (57.5% male; mean age = 41.26 ± 9.32 years) allocated to brief or standard CBT. Clinical and functional outcomes were assessed at baseline, posttreatment, as well as 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Linear mixed-effects models and the Reliable Change Index (RCI) evaluated interactions between time, treatment format and ADHD presentation (inattentive vs. combined).

CBT yielded significant improvements across all domains, with 94.5% of participants achieving reliable symptomatic improvement. A significant time × presentation interaction (p = 0.001, ηp² = 0.135) revealed a steeper core symptom reduction in the combined group, which survived sensitivity analyses controlling for baseline severity. Regarding format, the brief version produced greater observer-rated symptom improvement, whereas the standard format yielded greater long-term functional gains (p = 0.009, ηp² = 0.061). Improvements were sustained at the 6-month follow-up. No robust three-way interactions emerged.

CBT is highly effective and durable across ADHD presentations and formats. Although the combined presentation exhibited a more pronounced reduction in core symptoms, this differential trajectory represents a promising clinical trend requiring cautious interpretation. While brief formats efficiently address core symptoms, standard programs may better optimize long-term functional recovery.

This study aimed to translate and validate the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT) for Bangla-speaking populations in Bangladesh by assessing its internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity, and construct validity.

This methodological validation study was conducted over 22 months in the Department of Rheumatology at Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka. The study comprised two phases. The first phase included the translation of the OKAT questionnaire into Bangla (OKAT-Bangla), and the second phase included the psychometric validation of the OKAT-Bangla. A total of 126 individuals attending the study department were purposively selected as study participants. Data collection was conducted via a case record form. Each participant was subjected to a face‒to‒face interview followed by a retest after 1 week. To validate the OKAT-Bangla, internal consistency and reliability were tested along with content and construct validation. Statistical analysis was conducted via IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0.

In this study, OKAT-Bangla demonstrated internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha (α) of 0.636 and test‒retest reliability with a correlation coefficient (r) ranging from 0.55 to 0.94. Content validity was tested by expert rheumatologists, with an item-level content validation index of 1 and a scale-level content validation index of 1, indicating excellent relevancy. Principal component analysis revealed nine components with eigenvalues >1. The rotation sums of the squared loading variances ranged from 6.184% to 8.060%. These findings collectively establish the OKAT-Bangla as a valid instrument for measuring osteoporosis knowledge.

The OKAT-Bangla is a valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate instrument for assessing osteoporosis knowledge in Bangla-speaking populations.