This study employed a network toxicology approach to investigate the potential toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of hair dye components in relation to breast and bladder cancer. By integrating data from multiple databases and performing Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, key targets and pathways were identified. Network and molecular docking analyses revealed that major hair dye chemicals may induce carcinogenesis through xenobiotic metabolism and interact with critical proteins involved in cancer pathways. These findings provide theoretical support for the health risks associated with hair dye exposure and offer insights into potential preventive strategies.

No abstract available.

Breast cancer arises from the uncontrolled proliferation of breast cells, leading to tumour. Sida cordifolia, commonly known as Bala, an herbaceous plant widely used in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurveda, due to its numerous medicinal properties. This study investigates the multi-target therapeutic mechanisms of S. cordifolia against breast cancer using network pharmacology.

Phytochemicals of S. cordifolia were extracted from the IMPPAT database, and their ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) properties were evaluated using SwissADME database. The web tool SwissTargetPrediction identified phytochemical targets, and breast cancer targets were retrieved from the database Open Targets Platform. Shared targets were identified using the web tool Venny 2.1.0, and a PPI (Protein- Protein Interaction) network was generated via STRING database. Hub genes were analysed in Cytoscape 3.10.2 software, with KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes) and GO (Gene Ontology) was performed using the tool ShinyGO 0.80.

The KEGG pathway analysis revealed five genes: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Progesterone receptor (PGR), and tumour protein p53 (TP53) that directly participate in the breast cancer pathway. These genes were identified as core targets and are targeted by the phytochemicals present in S. cordifolia, including quinazoline, abietaic acid, malvalic acid, linoleic acid, and 20-hydroxyecdysone.

This study highlights S. cordifolia's potential as a multi-target therapeutic agent against breast cancer, with key phytochemicals targeting critical genes involved in cancer progression. These findings suggest that S. cordifolia could be a valuable candidate for further research in breast cancer treatment.

SHP2, encoded by the PTPN11 gene, is a non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase that plays a key role in oncogenic Ras/MAPK signaling. Aberrant SHP2 activity contributes to the progression of various cancers, including liver cancer. In this study, we used an AI-based virtual screening platform (HyperLab) to evaluate 127 natural compounds for SHP2 allosteric inhibition. Liensinine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from Nelumbo nucifera, was identified as a top candidate with strong predicted binding to the SHP2 allosteric tunnel site. This tunnel-shaped pocket is located at the interface between the N-SH2, C-SH2, and PTP domains, where allosteric inhibitors stabilize SHP2 in its closed, inactive conformation by preventing domain rearrangement. Docking analyses using HyperLab and CB-Dock2 consistently supported its interaction with key regulatory residues. Biochemical assays confirmed that Liensinine inhibits SHP2 phosphatase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ of ~5.2 μM. In HepG2 cells, Liensinine reduced cell viability to approximately 70% at 20 μM and 50% at 50 μM, indicating a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect. Additionally, RNA-seq data analysis revealed upregulated PTPN11 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues compared to normal liver. These quantitative findings strengthen the experimental evidence for Liensinine's inhibitory potential. Together, these findings suggest that Liensinine may serve as a natural SHP2 allosteric inhibitor with anticancer potential.

The genotype of our cells is almost the same for all cells in our body, but due to epigenetic effects, their phenotype can show significant differences. Epigenetics is a relatively new field of molecular biology that deals with the changes affecting the heritable phenotype, gene expression and gene activity in addition to the given genotype. The gene expression of immune and tumor cells is regulated by epigenetic processes. These processes can enhance the immune system evasion mechanisms of various tumor cells, while the results of other processes can actually help the immune system function. Our paper explores the epigenetic aspects of gynecological tumors through a thorough review of the Hungarian and international literature, with particular attention to the tumor processes of the cervix, uterus, ovary and breast. It also affects gestational tumors. It discusses the epigenetics of endometriosis, which does not belong to the group of classic tumor diseases, but in terms of its pathomechanism shows many similarities with other tumors. Finally, the paper discusses new findings in epigenetic medicine and therapy. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(52): 2043-2054.

Acute and chronic inflammatory pathology of the pharynx is one of the most common conditions encountered by otolaryngologists and general practitioners. The relevance of this problem is determined not only by the significant decrease in patients' ability to work and quality of life, but also by the risk of developing local and systemic complications. The wide range of etiologic factors initiating the development of inflammatory syndrome in the pharynx dictates the need for a careful approach to diagnosis and subsequent treatment of these conditions. Given the growing threat of the selection and spread of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, the principle of prudent limitation of the use of antiseptic and antimicrobial agents is increasingly being observed. This necessitates the search for a safe and effective drug that can relieve the main symptoms of inflammation, shorten the duration of the disease, and minimize the risk of developing purulent-septic complications. The authors of this article discuss the specifics of topical use of benzydamine hydrochloride, a selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, for acute pharyngitis and exacerbations of chronic tonsillopharyngitis. Based on an analysis of clinical trials of benzydamine hydrochloride, the authors conclude that topical application of the drug allows for rapid relief of pain and inflammation in the pharynx, and shortens recovery time for patients. Topical use of benzydamine eliminates the need for systemic NSAIDs, thereby avoiding the development of unpleasant complications. The authors provide a review of clinical cases confirming the reliability and safety of topical benzydamine hydrochloride.

The presented article discusses a range of issues related to bilateral laryngeal paralysis (BLP), focusing on existing surgical treatment methods. According to the literature studied, significant progress has been made in the treatment of BLP, ranging from open operations with tracheostomy to minimally invasive methods of modern laryngeal surgery using laser technology and endoscopy. The results of surgical treatment of more than 50 patients are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of existing surgical approaches are highlighted. The review highlights the importance of further scientific research and the development of innovative methods for restoring laryngeal innervation aimed at improving the effectiveness of treatment and improving the quality of life of patients with BLP.

A study on the use of herbal medicinal product with comprehensive secretolytic, secretomotor and anti-inflammatory activity Sinupret extract in the surgical practice of treating patients with acute and chronic sinusitis was carried out. The use of this drug allowed to reduce the rehabilitation time after surgical treatment, contributed to the acceleration of the mucociliary clearance recovery, relieved subjective perception in patients in the early and late postoperative period.

The article includes the results of a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled comparative clinical study of combined physiotherapeutic treatment of allergic rhinitis.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined physiotherapeutic treatment of allergic rhinitis, including thermotherapy, exposure to pulsed red light (phototherapy) and a pulsed magnetic field.

The study included 100 outpatients aged 18 to 60 years with allergic rhinitis in the subsiding phase of exacerbation. Patients were divided into 2 groups comparable in gender and age: 50 patients of the main group, undergoing a course of combined physiotherapeutic treatment against the background of the main treatment of allergic rhinitis, 50 patients of the control group, who also received exposure to a placebo product against the background of the main treatment of allergic rhinitis. The comparison was carried out using the assessment of clinical symptoms according to visual analogue scale, rhinoendoscopic examination, active anterior rhinomanometry, SNOT-22 and CSMS questionnaires.

The use of combined physiotherapeutic treatment of allergic rhinitis, including exposure to pulsed light radiation of the red range (phototherapy) and a pulsed magnetic field was accompanied by a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the intensity of the main symptoms of allergic rhinitis, an increase in the quality of life and an improvement in the objective characteristics of nasal breathing.

Combined physiotherapeutic treatment of allergic rhinitis using phototherapy and a pulsed magnetic field is effective in adult patients with allergic rhinitis in the phase of subsiding exacerbation.

The article presents a comparative analysis of various techniques for correcting the premaxillary crest used in septoplasty, evaluated in terms of their clinical effectiveness and complication rates.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and frequency of complications associated with incisive canal injury in various methods of premaxillary ridge correction in patients with nasal septal curvature.

The study involved 125 patients. Three groups of patients were formed based on the surgical method applied: in the first group, a premaxillary crest crista was performed using a surgical chisel, in the second group, instrumental correction was carried out using only a raspatory and Blakesley forceps, and in the third group, a motorized system was used.

Classical instrumental techniques are associated with an increased risk of complications, such as intraoperative bleeding from the vascular-nervous bundle of the incisive canal and paresthesia in the area of the upper incisors. In instrumental correction of the premaxillary crest without using motorized systems, secondary deviation of the premaxillary crest is possible, which can lead to recurrent nasal obstruction in the postoperative period. The use of a motorized system significantly reduces the risk of such complications and contributes to improve nasal breathing in the postoperative period.

The use of motor systems in nasal septum surgery demonstrates a high level of safety and efficacy compared to traditional methods, making it a promising area for further scientific research.