Although paternal involvement in childcare has increased in recent years, paternal health risks experienced by fathers have become more evident. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with loneliness among fathers of infants, including social support, to guide future support strategies.

We conducted an anonymous web-based survey of 384 fathers of infants registered with a research company. Data were analyzed using the Japanese version of the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale as the dependent variable. The independent variables included demographic characteristics, the Social Support Perception Scale for Parents Rearing Preschoolers, Childcare Support Questionnaire Screening Version for Fathers, and fathers' levels of participation in housework and childcare. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed.

The mean loneliness score for fathers was 6.44 (standard deviation [SD]=2.04), with 172 fathers (44.9 %) classified as experiencing loneliness. Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors associated with loneliness were father's age (odds ratio [OR], 4.137; P = 0.034), having children aged 4-<8 months (OR, 2.405; P = 0.010), having infants ≥ 8 months (OR, 2.303; P = 0.016), father's mental health status (OR, 3.899; P < 0.001), and quality of marital relationship (OR, 1.809; P = 0.041). Social support from confidants (OR, 0.466; P = 0.003) and healthcare professionals (OR, 0.449; P = 0.001) reduced loneliness.

Loneliness was associated with father's age, child's age, father's mental health status, marital relationship quality, availability of a confidant, and support from healthcare professionals. A comprehensive support system should be established to enable couples to support each other while raising their children.

Refugees, or humanitarian migrants, often experience profound health disadvantages stemming from disrupted healthcare access, interrupted education, and systemic barriers to integration. For the Yazidi community resettled in Toowoomba, Queensland, these challenges are compounded by trauma and limited support systems. This study, part of a broader community-based project, explores the multi-layered factors shaping their health and wellbeing, with the aim of informing culturally responsive and sustainable support strategies. Utilising a qualitative design, we conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 23) and focus groups (n = 24) with service stakeholders and Yazidi community members. Hybrid inductive-deductive thematic analysis of transcripts was informed by the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, enabling the categorisation of health determinants into predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors relevant to health planning and evaluation. Five interrelated themes emerged: mental health and trauma, social integration, health literacy, language proficiency, and access to sustained funding and resources. This study illuminates the lived experiences and health needs of a high-burden refugee community in regional Australia. Findings underscore the importance of trauma-informed care, culturally tailored health education, language services, and gender-sensitive psychosocial support. The resilience demonstrated by the Yazidi community offers a foundation for designing inclusive, community-driven health interventions. These insights are critical for professionals seeking to address health disparities and promote equity.

Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) youth and young adults (YYA) face unique nutrition challenges related to gender affirming hormone therapy, mental health concerns, and gender-based stigma. Limited research exists on their nutrition-related health priorities, behaviors, and pathways for health promotion.

Explore the perceived nutrition-related health priorities and behaviors of TGD YYA and identify health promotion strategies from the key informant perspective.

A qualitative study using interpretive description methodology through in-depth, semi-structured interviews.

Ten key informants, including healthcare providers, youth-serving professionals, and caregivers from two Midwestern U.S. cities, were purposively selected for their expertise with TGD YYA. Interviews were conducted between October 2022 and March 2023.

Identification of nutrition-related priorities, behaviors, and health promotion strategies for TGD YYA as perceived by key informants.

Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis in NVivo 12.

Four themes were identified: 1) Social and Psychological Barriers to Food and Nutrition Security for TGD YYA; 2) Social and Psychological Impacts on Nutrition Attitudes and Behaviors; 3) Gender-Affirming Nutrition Attitudes and Behaviors; 4) "No, this is wrong and like, we need to fix it": Health Promotion Strategies for TGD YYA.

TGD YYA face persistent food insecurity and navigate eating behaviors shaped by gender norms, healthcare bias, and the pursuit of gender-congruent appearance. While some eating behaviors (e.g., restrictive eating) reflect disordered eating, others, like macro loading and supplement use, are adaptive strategies to support gender affirmation and optimize GAHT outcomes. These findings underscore the need for gender-affirming, weight-inclusive nutrition care that addresses both structural barriers and the diverse motivations behind TGD YYA's eating behaviors.

Sex differences in first episode of psychosis (FEP) have been widely studied. However, the existence of controversial results may be attributable to not considering relevant factors such as substance use. Cannabis use is associated with an earlier age of onset of psychosis and rates of cannabis use are consistently higher among men. The main objective of this study was to analyze and describe sex differences while considering the presence of substance use and its potential role when predicting age at onset of psychosis.

A cross-sectional study of 223 non-affective FEP patients was performed. Participants were divided into "current substance users", defined as those who reported having used a substance in the past 30 days, and those who did not as "not current substance users". Descriptive analyses, general linear modeling and multiple regression modeling were used.

In the current substance group, women were older, with an older age of onset, a better premorbid adjustment and a higher cognitive reserve while presenting less clinical severity, a better functioning and a better verbal memory performance in comparison with men. In males, but not in females, lifetime of cannabis use and accumulative lifetime substance use was associated with age of onset.

Clinical presentation of FEP varies by sex and especially when considering substance use. Our results suggest that early interventions need to be tailored to the different clinical needs of males and females and according to substance consumption in FEP.

Understanding if there are differential determinants of objective and subjective burdening in caregivers of first episode psychosis (FEP) patients would be essential to optimize current early support programs. Our aim was to elucidate the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of FEP patients that influence the objective and subjective burdening of their informal caregivers.

75 participants with FEP were assessed in social functioning and psychotic symptoms. Their caregivers were assessed with an instrument of objective and subjective family burden. Objective burdening was assessed in terms of time spent. Subjective burden was assessed in terms of worry experienced.

Regression analyses showed that impaired social functioning of the patient was the major determinant of family burdening, in assisting in daily activities and containing disrupted behavior. Excitative symptoms were more determinant than positive symptoms in explaining burdening when containing disrupted behavior. A younger age of the patient specifically determined higher subjective but not objective burdening. Economic incomes had little contribution to family burdening.

Our results suggest that there may not be differential determinants of objective and subjective burdening on domains of family burdening in FEP. Current multicomponent early interventions may consider social functioning and excitative symptoms the factors that may focus on to reduce both objective and subjective family burdening. Caregivers of youngest patients may need additional psychological support as they care of patients with higher dependency level and involving more subjective burdening.

Bipolar disorder, especially Bipolar II disorder, is a mental disorder with high risk of fatal suicide behavior (FSB). The aim of this study was determine rate and risk factors of FSB in a cohort of Bipolar II patients followed after their first hospitalization.

We recruited all Bipolar II patients according DSM-IV criteria who were hospitalized for first time in our Psychiatric unit between 1996 and 2016 (N=59). We collected clinical variables during their first hospitalization and identified all patients with FSB during follow-up until 31st December 2020. We compared baseline variables between Bipolar II patients with FSB and the ones without FSB.

The average age at FSB was 45.5 years old and there was a 2-year gap on average between the first psychiatric hospitalization and completed suicide. FSB was characterized by a violent act (83% of cases). When we compared Bipolar II patients who died by suicide with who died by other causes or they are alive, only a history of previous violent suicide attempt (p<0.05) was detected as a risk factor significantly associated with FSB. 10% of Bipolar II inpatients died by suicide, all of them in the first five years after the first hospitalization and usually by a violent method.

Bipolar II disorder has a high rate of completed suicide. History of a previous violent suicide attempt is a predictor of completed suicide.

Metabolic dysfunction is a major risk factor for neurodegeneration, yet the genetic architecture linking systemic metabolism to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear.

We integrated genome-wide association data for 249 circulating metabolites and proglucagon with summary statistics for AD, PD, and cardiometabolic traits. Genetic correlations, polygenic overlap, causal relationships, and shared genetic loci were quantified using linkage disequilibrium score regression, high-definition likelihood, bivariate mixture modelling, Mendelian randomisation, and conjunctional false discovery rate analyses, followed by functional and tissue-specific enrichment analyses.

AD displayed a metabolic-genetic profile aligned with body mass index, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke, whereas PD exhibited largely opposing patterns (Spearman's r_s = -0.26). Mendelian randomization analyses supported causal effects of lipoprotein subclasses, glutamine, and proglucagon on AD risk, with opposite or null effects in PD. Shared loci between metabolites and AD were enriched for lipid metabolism and cholesterol transport, whereas PD-associated loci were enriched for mitochondrial function, vesicle trafficking, and stress-response signalling.

AD and PD are shaped by fundamentally distinct metabolic-genetic architectures. Metabolically targeted interventions, particularly those modulating lipid, amino acid, and proglucagon pathways, may require disease-specific and genetically informed strategies for prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF23OC0099658), Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (801133), the Research Council of Norway (334920, 351751, 296030, 324252, 324499, 326813), the National Institutes of Health (U24DA041123, R01AG076838, U24DA055330, OT2HL161847, 5R01MH124839-02), NordForsk (164218), South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (2020060), and the European Union's Horizon 2020 (847776, 964874, 101057454).

Maternal immune activation (MIA) is an important prenatal risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This commentary summarizes epidemiological and experimental evidence linking MIA to altered fetal neurodevelopment, highlighting placental mechanisms, long-term immune programming, sex-related risk and resilience, and potential strategies to monitor and manage pregnancies with significant maternal inflammation.