Individuals with psychiatric disorders frequently experience comorbid cardiometabolic conditions, complicating treatment and worsening health outcomes. Both psychiatric and cardiometabolic disorders have been individually associated with alterations in brain structure. Yet, it remains unclear whether these associations stem from a shared genetic basis that underlies their frequent co-occurrence.

We analyzed genome-wide association summary statistics from large international consortia of individuals of European ancestry, including psychiatric disorder GWAS with case-control sample sizes ranging from ~18,000 to ~158,000 cases, cardiometabolic disease GWAS with up to ~242,000 cases, and cortical morphology GWAS from UK Biobank comprising ~39,000 individuals. We applied complementary multivariate, causal, and mediation genetic analyses to disentangle genetic factors underlying brain alterations and comorbidity.

Here we show that patterns of genetic overlap differ across disorders. Schizophrenia exhibits substantial polygenic overlap with cortical thickness and type 2 diabetes, despite low genetic correlation. In contrast, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more strongly correlated with cardiometabolic disease but shows limited overlap with cortical morphology. Notably, cortical surface area partly mediates the genetic association between ADHD and type 2 diabetes. Pathway analyses highlight metabolic stress processes in ADHD as well as neurodevelopmental and immune processes in schizophrenia.

These findings indicate that psychiatric-cardiometabolic comorbidity arises through both shared and disorder-specific genetic pathways. This work clarifies the genetic architecture of multimorbidity and highlights opportunities for trait-targeted prevention strategies in psychiatry.

Hydrogen has been reported to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and its potential health benefits have been investigated. However, to our knowledge, evidence regarding its impact on sleep quality in healthy individuals remains extremely limited. In addition, the influence of inter-individual variability in the gut microbiota on hydrogen efficacy has seldom been studied. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of hydrogen-rich jelly on sleep quality and examine the influence of gut microbiota on this effect. A total of 44 healthy adults with poor sleep quality were randomized to receive either hydrogen-rich jelly or placebo jelly. No significant differences were observed between the intervention groups in the changes in sleep-related outcomes, including OSA-MA, VAS, PSQI, and STAI scores, in the overall analysis. Notably, when participants were stratified by the mean change in the VAS score for sleep quality, gut microbiota β-diversity showed apparent clustering in the hydrogen group but not in the placebo group. This cluster was explained by the differences in the relative abundance of hydrogen-producing bacteria, such as Bacteroides. Linear mixed-effects model analyses revealed significant interaction effects in the group × H₂-producers in the VAS for sleep quality and mental stress, with greater improvement in participants with a lower abundance of hydrogen-producing bacteria. In conclusion, these exploratory findings raise the hypothesis that baseline gut microbiota composition, particularly microbial hydrogen-producing capacity, may modify individual responses to hydrogen supplementation. This hypothesis warrants confirmation in larger studies to explore its implications for microbiome-informed stratification in future hydrogen intervention research.Clinical trial registration: This clinical trial was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry on 27/12/2023 (UMIN-CTR, UMIN000053237).

Mental health concerns are common among women transitioning through the menopause, with approximately half of women showing clinically relevant elevated depressive and/or anxious symptoms during menopause. Data on other mental health conditions (eg, post-traumatic stress disorders, substance use disorders, eating disorders) during menopause are limited, but these conditions warrant attention. Women at the highest risk are those with a prior history of these conditions. Multiple evidence-based behavioral treatments are available to treat mental health conditions and help manage menopausal symptoms.

The purpose of this study was to examine if there were racial differences in overall distress and problem items among Black and White breast cancer survivors at the time of adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) initiation.

Data were analyzed from the Women's Hormonal Initiation and Persistence study, an observational trial of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer survivors. Participants completed the National Comprehensive Cancer Network's Distress Thermometer and its 36-item problem list. Multiple logistic regression was used to predict high distress (a score of ≥ 4 on the distress thermometer) by race, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Descriptive statistics were computed by race (Black vs. White) for problem items reported by breast cancer survivors. χ2 tests were used to test racial differences in problem items.

Of the 572 participants, 72% were White and 28% were Black. More than half of the sample (52%) reported high distress. Race was not a significant predictor of distress in either the univariate or the multivariable analysis. The top 5 problem items for the overall sample included sleep (50.5%), fatigue (48.6%), worry (41.6%), dry/itchy skin (39.9%), and pain (37.8%). There were no statistically significant differences in the problem items endorsed by Black and White breast cancer survivors.

Survivors reported high levels of distress and physical problem items at the time of AET initiation regardless of race. Future work should focus on the development of interventions targeting specific problem items that contribute to distress among breast cancer survivors on AET.

Frequent use of anonymous helplines is often framed as problematic from a service perspective. This study aims to explore how frequent users themselves perceive the helpfulness of repeated helpline contact and to examine tensions between user and staff understandings of effective helpline communication. The study draws on qualitative interviews with 31 frequent users across ten Danish helplines, covering telephone-, chat-, and SMS-based services. The analysis is conducted in dialogue with prior findings on helpline staff's communicative ideals, using a framework distinguishing between transformative, relational, and respectful communication. Frequent users experience helpline interactions as micro-transformative, providing immediate emotional regulation, relief from intrusive thoughts, and temporary containment of loneliness. Relational presence is experienced as meaningful change in the here-and-now. Frequent helpline use is best understood as a situated, relational community practice rather than an individual deficit, with important implications for community-based mental health support.

Social isolation, loneliness, and mental health challenges among older people have been a global problem long before the advent of COVID-19. In Australia, there are many reports of how COVID-19 has worsened older people's mental health, social isolation and loneliness experiences. However, the narratives have focused on the general population with little attention being paid to migrants from minority groups who have traditionally relied on informal social networks.

In this study, we employed community-based participatory research, supported by thematic analysis, to investigate how 21 older West African migrants in Greater Sydney experienced social isolation and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic and the coping strategies they adopted.

The findings show a growing trend in weakening social connectivity, exacerbated by COVID-19, resulting in significant social impacts, mental health concerns, and daily lifestyle changes. There is a greater concern about mental health experiences, including fear, anxiety, confusion, and depression. Participants noted forming new habits, such as watching movies and learning new digital technological skills, as the main coping strategies, which enabled them to connect with churches and other organisations. However, their coping strategies adopted were provisional, unsustainable, and uncoordinated.

There is a need for locally government-supported activities that foster and sustain social interaction, as well as more community-led and locally supported initiatives that can alleviate social isolation and loneliness during global pandemics.

Background: This review examines informal employment-defined here following ILO Recommendation No. 204 as remunerated and unremunerated jobs not effectively covered by formal arrangements-and its association with psychosocial risks. While particularly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, informal employment is also a structural feature of high-income labor markets, affecting approximately 2 billion workers worldwide who lack regulation, security and social protection. These factors disproportionately affect vulnerable groups such as immigrants and women. Method: A scoping review was conducted across four databases (ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed) following the PRISMA-ScR extension. Eligibility was limited to primary studies on psychosocial risk factors in informal employment and their association with mental health (CRD420261280859) Prior systematic reviews were excluded from the evidence units and used only as back-ground literature. Results: The search yielded 257 initial articles, reduced after applying the eligibility criteria and after excluding prior systematic reviews and one out-of-scope study, to a final set of 12 primary studies. The review found a consistent association between informal employment and increased symptoms of stress, depression and anxiety, especially among women and undocumented immigrants. Conclusions: The findings support the extension of labor and social protection to informal workers, including unpaid caregivers, to reduce the adverse mental health effects of precarious employment. Socioeconomic exclusion, lack of labor rights and occupational decline increase vulnerability, underscoring the importance of addressing structural inequalities.

As the number of college students with left-behind experience grows, more scholars focus on their mental health and development. Most existing research highlights the negative consequences of the left-behind experience and rarely explores how individuals turn adversity into resources. In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 college students (men: n = 5, women: n = 11; age: 20-23) who had a left-behind experience. Thematic analysis was used to examine both the negative and positive effects of the left-behind experience and the mechanisms of positive transformation. Findings suggest that left-behind experience can result in both hidden costs and cultivated resilience. Negative effects include increased emotional sensitivity, difficulty forming close relationships, and reduced feelings of belonging. Positive outcomes include greater independence, stronger responsibility, and improved social adaptability. Further analysis shows that students use three strategies-cognitive restructuring, emotional regulation, and behavioral engagement-to convert negative experiences into positive psychological resources, thereby shifting from trauma to empowerment. The study shows that left-behind experience alone does not dictate long-term outcomes. Instead, individual meaning-making and resource integration shape development. By extending resilience theory to this student group, the findings offer a strengths-based framework for psychological support and education. These findings call for university mental health services and educational policies to move beyond a deficit model and incorporate the resilience and self-regulatory strategies identified in this population.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being increasingly used in educational and mental health contexts, yet many emotion-related applications still prioritize detection, classification, and automated feedback over contextual understanding. This study uses the Stanford AI Index Reports (2021-2025) as an exploratory discourse corpus to examine how prominent AI reports frame technology, application domains, and governance, and to consider what this framing implies for emotion regulation through sport and exercise in higher education.

Across 1813 report pages, we applied BERTopic with multilingual sentence embeddings (paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2), UMAP dimensionality reduction, HDBSCAN clustering, and class-based TF-IDF, followed by dynamic and hierarchical topic analysis and theory-informed synthesis. Of 22 topics generated, 13 relevant to the study focus were retained and validated through keyword inspection, representative-text review, and independent expert agreement.

The analysis indicated a three-layer structure: a technology core, an application-expansion layer, and an ethics-and-governance layer. Health and education themes grew most across reports, with medicine/health rising from 14 to 105 and school pathways from 3 to 105 segment occurrences between 2021 and 2025, whereas sport, exercise, embodied activity, and campus support appeared only indirectly. As prominence reflects raw frequency across five reports, trends are read descriptively.

We propose a human-technology-environment framework comprising multimodal contextual profiling, autonomy-supportive task adaptation, feedback-reflection-practice loops, peer and campus support integration, and human-in-the-loop governance. The study does not test intervention effects; its contribution is conceptual and agenda-setting, clarifying a gap between mainstream AI discourse and the embodied, relational, and ecological conditions through which sport and exercise may support students' emotion regulation.

Mental fatigue is an increasingly important concern among collegiate athletes whose academic-athletic roles require sustained cognitive effort, emotional regulation, and recovery across overlapping performance contexts. This structured narrative review synthesizes behavioral science, sport psychology, and athlete mental health literature to clarify how perceived stress, competitive anxiety, and psychological resilience may interact in the development and regulation of mental fatigue among collegiate athletes. Rather than treating mental fatigue as simple tiredness or an isolated performance symptom, this review conceptualizes it as a cognitive-emotional and psychobiological outcome shaped by stress appraisal, attentional load, effort regulation, and resource depletion. The main contribution of this review is to integrate previously separate lines of research into a collegiate-athlete-focused behavioral science framework in which perceived stress is positioned as an upstream appraisal-based condition, competitive anxiety as a proximal emotional mechanism, and psychological resilience as a dynamic regulatory resource that may buffer fatigue-related vulnerability. Tennis and Chinese/non-Western collegiate sport contexts are used as illustrative applications rather than exclusive empirical targets, highlighting how individual accountability, academic-athletic role demands, cultural expectations, and support structures may shape fatigue processes. This review also distinguishes established empirical evidence from theoretical inference and identifies key gaps in measurement heterogeneity, methodological transparency, longitudinal evidence, and culturally diverse collegiate athlete research. By refining the stress-anxiety-fatigue pathway and identifying resilience, recovery, and contextual support as important regulatory factors, this review provides a conceptual foundation for future empirical testing and for more targeted behavioral interventions to support collegiate athlete well-being and performance sustainability.