Non-suicidal self-injury behaviors are relatively common among adolescents with depression, seriously endangering their physical and mental health as well as the prognosis of the disease. Currently, the relationship between explicit self-injury behaviors, implicit self-injury attitudes and self-esteem levels of adolescents with depression is not clear. Therefore, this study systematically analyzed the correlation between explicit self-injury behaviors, implicit self-injury attitudes and self-esteem levels of adolescents with depression, aiming to provide theoretical basis for reducing self-injury behaviors and improving their self-esteem levels.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2025 to March 2026 at a mental health specialty hospital in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China. Using the convenience sampling method, 116 adolescent patients with depression were selected to measure the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behavior Questionnaire, the Self-Esteem Level Scale, and to explore the patients' implicit attitudes toward self-injury through the Implicit Association Test.

The score of explicit self-injury behavior in adolescent patients with depression was (25.66 ± 12.11); Correlation analysis showed that the explicit self-injury behavior of the patients was significantly negatively correlated with their self-esteem level (P < 0.05). The effect value of the implicit self-injury attitude of the patients was (0.26 ± 1.06), which was different from 0 and the difference was statistically significant; this suggested that the patients had a significant implicit tendency toward self-injury; there was no significant correlation between the implicit self-injury attitude and the explicit self-injury behavior, or the self-esteem level (P > 0.05).

The explicit self-injury behaviors of adolescent patients with depression are at a medium-high level, and the implicit self-injury attitudes are significant and have an independent association effect. When conducting intervention for adolescent patients with depression in clinical settings, it is necessary to abandon the single explicit behavior intervention model and take into account the patient's implicit cognitive characteristics and self-esteem level. A comprehensive intervention system that integrates both internal and external aspects should be constructed to effectively reduce the risk of self-harm behaviors, enhance the patient's self-esteem level and overall mental health level.

Youth with HIV experience persistent disparities across the HIV care continuum, including low rates of engagement in care and viral suppression. In a recent national survey, youth and young adults, defined by the CDC as ages 13-34, accounted for approximately 20- 40% of new HIV diagnoses in the United States. We describe the Intervention for Virological Suppression in Youth with HIV (iVY), a youth-friendly, tailored approach that integrates mental health and substance use support with HIV treatment engagement.

This paper describes the development of the intervention used in iVY, which is currently being evaluated in a randomized clinical trial (RCT) using an adaptive treatment strategy. HIV virological suppression is measured via dried blood spot at 16 weeks.

The intervention is delivered fully remotely across California and Florida. YWH aged 18-29 who are not durably virally suppressed are enrolled and randomized to the intervention or usual care. The RCT will enroll and randomize 200 participants to the intervention ( n = 100) versus usual care ( n = 100). iVY includes: (1) tailored brief, weekly video-counseling sessions focused on HIV treatment adherence and engagement, mental health, substance use, and related barriers; and (2) a mobile health application designed to support adherence, resource access, and peer connection. Participants who are not virally suppressed receive an additional 16 weeks of intensified intervention, while responders continue with app-based support.

N/A.

This paper provides a detailed description of a telehealth-based behavioral intervention tailored to the needs of youth with HIV. The intervention offers a scalable model for integrating behavioral health and HIV care to address barriers to treatment engagement in this priority population.

Targeted marketing of tobacco products affects immigrant youth in the United States. Somali Americans may be more vulnerable because of the high prevalence of smoking among the population. This study therefore sought to determine the perceptions of male young adult Somali Americans in Salt Lake City about targeted social media marketing of e-cigarettes.

We conducted three focus group sessions in May 2023 for males aged 21-25 years who self-identified as Somali Americans and had lived in Salt-Lake City for at least 6 months. A focus group guide was developed to explore the experiences and perceptions of social media marketing of e-cigarettes, and a deductive thematic analysis of the data was used to identify, analyze, and report patterns.

There were twenty-four participants in three focus groups. Five main themes were identified, namely: 1) intrusiveness in relation to perceived access by third parties to social media history related to e-cigarettes; 2) vulnerability, including the tendency to feel overwhelmed by a lack of control over social media communication; 3) anxiety about the possibility of social exclusion due to e-cigarettes; 4) enjoyment of the glamor associated with e-cigarette product images and interaction with social media influencers: and 5) pro-active creativity which addresses mental activities done to truncate the flow of e-cigarette advertisement.

The feeling of intrusiveness, vulnerability and increased anxiety among the participants are indicative of negative perception of their experiences. Although the feelings of enjoyment can potentially result in lowered risk perception of e-cigarettes, there is a need to further explore the experiences of proactive creativity among participants as it can be used in designing effective interventions to reduce e-cigarette use in this population.

Nurse staffing in psychiatric inpatient care is difficult to plan because reliable measures of patient demand are lacking. Existing indicators are not well established across diverse patient groups. The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS), routinely collected in Switzerland, may provide a pragmatic proxy for patient acuity to inform staffing decisions.

We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study (Match^RN Psychiatry) in adult, nonforensic psychiatric inpatient units in Switzerland, linking 2022 routine patient data with 2023/2024 unit-manager reports of typical structural staffing configurations. Patient mental health status and symptom severity were measured using the HoNOS. Associations between nurse staffing hours, HoNOS scores and unit characteristics were analysed using lasso-selected linear mixed-effects models. Model estimates were used to describe how RN staffing varied with patient acuity, and model-predicted staffing was compared with reported staffing to characterise between-unit variation.

Data from 107 psychiatric inpatient units in 13 hospitals (25,294 patient cases) showed wide variation in unit structures and patient mental health status but relatively little variation in staffing patterns. The median number of beds was 21, and the typical early shift included 2 registered nurses. Regression analyses indicated that higher HoNOS total scores and several single items were significantly associated with increased RN staffing, with the total score showing the strongest effect. A 20% increase in the HoNOS total score corresponded to 48.5 additional registered nurse hours per week or 1.3 full-time equivalents per year. Comparing predicted with reported staffing, smaller units tended to fall below and larger units above their predicted levels.

Routinely collected clinical data, particularly HoNOS scores, were linked to nurse staffing in psychiatric inpatient care. Patient acuity and unit size were both associated with staffing, indicating that routine data can provide a pragmatic basis for more transparent and sustainable workforce planning.

Adults with mental disorders more frequently report getting into serious trouble with the police and the law than do adults with no mental health diagnosis. The mechanisms underlying this statistical association remain unclear.

The study used data from a US population survey to examine whether the previously recognized association between psychiatric diagnosis and getting into serious police or legal trouble is mediated by impaired psychosocial function or psychiatric symptoms. The predictor variable was psychiatric diagnosis. The mediator variables were two forms of psychosocial function, social and role-emotional, and the presence of recent symptoms. The outcome variable was police or legal trouble.

When known risk factors are included as covariates, the association between mental disorder and serious police or legal trouble over the past year is maintained and is significantly mediated (p < 0.05) both by social and role-emotional function (social, excess relative risk [ERR] 1.42 [95% CI: 0.96, 1.88]; role-emotional, ERR 1.45 [95% CI: 0.98, 1.91]) and by recent symptoms(ERR 1.63 [95% CI: 1.13, 2.13]). The contribution of mediation varies by diagnosis.

Previous research suggested that it is unusual for psychiatric symptoms to lead directly to violence. These results suggest that symptoms and signs of mental disorder nevertheless contribute indirectly to violence and other adverse outcomes. The identification of these mediators may, in turn, suggest new approaches to reducing the risk of those outcomes. Future research should further examine and describe the mechanisms that underlie these and other forms of mediation.

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is widely used for cognitive screening, but its dimensionality and domain-specific accuracy require validation with methods for ordinal items. The objective was to analyze the internal structure of the MoCA in a cognitive impairment-free Spanish community sample and examine its relationship with variables potentially related to the risk of cognitive impairment.

A total of 1,767 Spanish adults (aged 18-89 years) were assessed in primary care centers using the MoCA, and sociodemographic and health variables were recorded. Internal structure and metric properties were analyzed using factor models and item response theory, as well as their association with external variables and the concordance of the resulting solution.

The theoretical models tested did not demonstrate adequate fit. Cross-validation identified a 12-item solution in two correlated factors (Memory and Multiple), with excellent fit (CFI = .991; RMSEA = .019) and latent correlation r = .63. The abbreviated version showed high concordance with the total score (ICC = .96) and substantial agreement in dichotomous classification (k = .84).

The MoCA exhibited a two-factor structure and consistent associations with external variables such as age, educational level, and vascular risk; a dimensional interpretation is recommended.

Recovery IS a multidimensional, subjective PROCESS that emphasizes personal strategies AND empowerment beyond symptom remission. The Illness Management AND Recovery (IMR) scale incorporates the perspectives OF BOTH users AND professionals, although its internal structure has had ONLY limited examination through advanced psychometric methods. Network analysis was applied TO the IMR scale WITH the aims OF (1) exploring interrelationships among items, (2) assessing network stability, AND (3) analyzing measurement invariance BETWEEN users AND professionals.

DATA were collected FROM 172 users AND 49 mental health professionals USING the IMR scale. Network analysis used the Triangulated Maximally Filtered Graph (TMFG) method AND the walktrap ALGORITHM, WITH stability assessed through bootstrapping.

The analysis indicated 39 significant connections among 15 items, highlighting coping strategies AS the central node, along WITH symptom distress, functional difficulties, AND symptom recovery. Exploratory Graph Analysis IDENTIFIED three factors: (1) Personal Growth AND Planning, (2) Social AND Health Behavior Management, AND (3) Symptom Management AND Resilience.

Network analysis underscores the importance OF coping strategies, suggesting that interventions should focus ON strengthening these skills TO support recovery.

Given rising physical inactivity and mental health challenges, time-efficient interventions like High- Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) require rigorous evaluation. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the evidence for HIIT's effects on mental health in adolescents and young adults.

Six electronic databases were systematically searched for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) up to September 2025, comparing HIIT (defined as ≥85% HRmax) against a passive control group in non-clinical populations aged 11-29 years.

11 RCTs comprising 1,401 participants were included. The random-effects meta-analysis showed a modest reduction in perceived stress associated with HIIT (SMD = -0.29, 95% CI -0.59 to 0.004, p = .053), although the effect did not reach conventional statistical significance and substantial uncertainty remained. No statistically significant effects were observed for depressive symptoms, anxiety, or psychological wellbeing.

HIIT may be associated with modest reductions in perceived stress; however, the certainty of the evidence was low to very low across all outcomes. These findings should be interpreted with caution, and further high-quality research is needed to clarify the effects of HIIT on mental health outcomes.

PurposeHigh-grade gliomas (HGG) have a poor prognosis and high symptom burden, yet palliative care (PC) integration remains limited. We evaluated temporal changes in PC referral and assessment patterns at a Brazilian tertiary center and explored prognostic factors for survival.MethodsThis is a non-concurrent retrospective cohort of 117 adults with HGG who underwent surgery between 2017 and 2023. Primary outcomes included rates of PC referral and effective assessment, time to referral, and functional status (Karnofsky Performance Status, KPS) at referral. Secondary outcomes included overall survival (OS) and identification of prognostic factors using Cox regression analysis. Temporal trends were analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage test.ResultsPC referral increased from 21.1% (2017) to 73.7% (2023) (P < 0.001), and effective assessment increased from 21.1% to 47.4% (P = 0.048). Median Karnofsky Performance Status at referral improved over time (P = 0.011). In multivariate analysis, baseline clinical factors (older age and lower preoperative KPS) predicted earlier mortality; PC referral and effective assessment were not independently associated with survival after adjustment.ConclusionOver seven years, a significant increase in PC referrals and an improvement in functional status at the time of PC access were observed. Preoperative functional status was the main determinant of survival.

The past two decades have seen a rise in youth mental health difficulties, with services struggling to balance demand with capacity. Access to timely care remains a central goal of most national mental health policies. This study examines the feasibility of a model of clinician-delivered single-session therapy (SST) as an entry point to care in primary care youth mental health services.

Conducted at one site, feasibility was assessed across recruitment capacity, service user responses, and intervention acceptability. Validated scales of anxiety and depression evaluated service user characteristics and clinical need, while change across the intervention was measured using the clinical outcomes routine evaluation. Recruitment capacity and user profiles were summarised descriptively. Changes in distress were analysed using linear mixed-effects models and piecewise regression assessed changes in waiting times.

Most service users presented with clinical need. Continued throughput and low non-attendance rates indicated feasible recruitment. Waiting times decreased significantly, from 26 weeks during the pilot phase to 4.6 weeks post-implementation (p < 0.001, R² = 0.60). Distress scores differed by session (p < 0.001), with a marked reduction from session 1 to session 2 in the clinical group (Δ = -6.08, p < 0.001). Satisfaction levels remained consistently high pre and post implementation of SST.

This feasibility study suggests that SST can be implemented as an acceptable model in primary care youth mental health. Reductions in distress and shorter waiting times were observed following implementation, indicating potential for improved access and early intervention. Further research is required to establish effectiveness, impact and sustainability across settings.